摘要:The microstructure characteristics of the defect band in magnesium alloy castings during the cold-chamber high pressure die casting(HPDC)process was investigated,and the corresponding relationship between the defect band and the externally solidified crystals(ESCs),porosity and process parameters was established,based on which the formation and evolution mechanism of the defect band was discribed.The results reveal that the microstructure at the cross section of magnesium alloy die castings can be divided by the defect band into three regions with obvious differences in microstructure characteristics compared with each other.With the increase of the slow shot plunger velocity,the area fraction of the ECSs in the microstructure of die cast magnesium alloy is decreased gradually,and the defect band becomes more clear and its location is closer to the center of die castings.The width of the defect band is reduced,and the porosity inside the defect band presents more concentration.With the increase of the fast shot plunger velocity,the ESCs become more dispersed,and the defect band is closer to the central region of die castings.When there is absence of fast shot,double defect band can be observed.The morphology and distribution of the defect band in the microstructure of die cast magnesium alloy is determined by the metal flow pattern during the filling process.Under the intensive flush and intensification pressure of melt flow,the grains in the contour of the metal liquid would be fragmented and rotated,resulting in a gap whose volume is larger than the volume of remaining liquid among grains.During the solidification process,the defect band with aggregated porosity can form following the contour of melt flow.
关键词:Magnesium Alloy;Cold-chamber High Pressure Die Casting;Defect Band;Microstructure
摘要:CNTs/AZ91D magnesium matrix nanocomposites were prepared by high-energy ultrasonic dispersion technology and metal mold gravity casting process.The solid solution T4 heat treatment and the aging T6 heat treatment were carried out for the composites prepared.The tensile strength and elongation of 1.0% CNTs/AZ91D composites with T4 treatment can reach 285 MPa and 17.3%,which are improved by 45% and 322%,respectively,compared with 196 MPa and 4.1% of the as-cast ones.After the aging T6 heat treatment,the tensile strength of the composites is further increased to 296 MPa,and the yield strength is increased significantly to 155 MPa,while the elongation is declined to 5.5%,showing obvious aging hardening effetcs.The microstructure of 1.0%CNTs/AZ91D composites was observed by metallographic microscope,scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope.The results reveal that carbon nanotubes can refine grain,promote slip and twinning and transfer load,so that the comprehensive mechanical properties of CNTs/AZ91 Dcomposites can be improved obviously.
摘要:The effects of Sr and Ti on microstructure and properties of the die-casting rare earth modified AZ91 magnesium alloy were investigated.Through compared with that of AZ91 alloy,the strength of AZ91+RE alloy is increased with the decrease of elongation.After further adding Sr,plasticity of the alloy is improved due to refinement effect,while the strength and corrosion resistance of the modified alloy are decreased.The addition of Ti can inhibit the adverse effect of Sr and remain good plasticity.The AZ91+RE+Sr+Ti alloy has the desirable comprehensive properties by multi-element microalloying.The evolution of microstructure with the addition of components is responsible for the change of material properties.
摘要:Four groups of samples,including base metal(BM),FSW,FSW+T and FSW+T+A samples,were designed to investigate the effects of plastic deformation on the corrosion resistance of the joints immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution.The results reveal that the corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy can be enhanced significantly by friction stir welding,while post-welded tension can weaken significantly the corrosion resistance of the joint,however post-annealing treatment can enhance largely the corrosion resistance.Corrosion rate of the four groups of samples is presented as follows:BM>FSW+T>FSW≈FSW+T+A.In addition,both extension twinning and dislocation slip introduced by post-welded tension have an adverse effect on the corrosion resistance of the joint,in which dislocation slip plays the key role.
摘要:The strength of resin sand has a significant influence on the quality of castings.Many factors can affect the strength of resin sand,especially the sand size and resin content.Effects of different furan resin addition and sand sizes on furan resin sand were investigated through analyzing strength of specimens and hardening and crack mechanism of furan resin sand with the help of SEM analysis.The results reveal that the microscopic pore in the binding bridge has a significant effect on the strength of furan resin sand.With 1.25%to 1.75%of resin content,a satisfied strength of sand can be obtained.The sand size has an effect on the strength of binding bridge,and a small size of grain leads to the adhesive fracture between binding bridge and sand particles,which can decrease the strength of furan resin sand.
摘要:The relationship between flow stress and strain rate,deformation temperature and strain was investigated during the plastic forming process of AZ40 Malloy through hot-compressive simulation testing.The FieldsBackofen model was established by experimentally obtained true stress-true strain data,and the optimization and improvement were carried out to put forward a new model.Meanwhile,the processing map of AZ40 Malloy was drawn.The results reveal that the Fields-Backofen model prediction curve of AZ40 Malloy is well in agreement with the experimental data before peak stress.The modified new model has a higher precision,where the correlation coefficient reaches 0.991 8 and the average relative error is 3.84%,and the prediction curve of the whole deformation stage is in better agreement with the experimental data.The processing map analysis shows that the hot working of the alloy is more suitable in the range of deformation temperature of 620~673 Kand strain rate o f0.005~0.05 s-1.
摘要:Non-equilibrium solidification and precipitation behavior of rapidly cooled K424 alloy were analyzed by copper mould spray casting combined with isothermal annealing.The results reveal that microstructure is refined greatly in spray-casted alloy,and secondary dendrite spacing is reduced greatly in comparison with that of as-cast one.Moreover,the relief of solute segregation is beneficial to suppress the formation of coarse carbide and eutectic structure.With the decrease of inner diameter,the dendrite morphology in the K424 alloy is changed from random equiaxed grain to preferred growth of directional mode.After isothermal annealing between 800~1 000℃ for 30 min,γ′phase is precipitated in non-equilibrium solidified alloy,and its size and volumetric fraction are increased with increasing in aging temperature.Because of the formation of considerable uniform and fine sphericalγ′phase,microhardness of 478 HV can be obtained after holding at 900℃for 30 min,which is 13%higher than that of the initial rapid cooled alloy.
摘要:The research progress in rare earth modification of A356 alloy was reviewed.The modification effects of various RE elements on A356 alloy were reviewed.Combined with commercial application of A356 alloy,the method of relatively cheap binary,even multi-component rare earth or rare earth complex modification systems with other elements is a promising and practical direction by DOE composition design.
摘要:The development of TiAl alloy was reviewed.Aiming at the problems in composition uniformity and cracking in the preparation of TiAl alloy ingots,it is analyzed for the process control,process improvement and new technologies for melting,and the measures to solve the problems were put forward.
摘要:Compared with those in the gravity cast AlSi10Mg alloy,fine crystal grains are generated in the alloy during the laser selective melting forming process,and the coarse or needle-like Si phase in theα-Al matrix becomes mesh-like with uniform distribution.Due to the rapid cooling rate during the laser forming process,the supersaturated solid solution is formed,and the tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of the alloy reach 483 MPa,314 MPa and 6.43%,respectively.After T6 treatment,the uniform network-like Si phase is dissolved and broken to grow the irregularly shaped Si phase and the finely dispersed Si phase which are rounded and passivated,and the tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy are reduced to 208 MPa and 167 MPa,while the elongation is improved to 10.37%.
摘要:The numerical simulation was adopted to simulate the process of blowing gas into converter slag before slag splashing protection by a software.The influence of molten pool depth and slag viscosity on the flow of the molten pool was analyzed.The simulated results show that the deepening of the molten pool is conducive to the enhancement of turbulent kinetic energy conversion rate and the homogenization of the molten pool,and to the optimization of the flow field.The slag viscosity has a great influence on the dead zone ratio.The dead zone ratio is increased with the increase of the slag viscosity.Therefore,it is necessary to increase the injection time to make the molten pool stable and uniform in the deep melting pool with high viscosity.
摘要:In order to compound refinement of primary Si and modification of eutectic Si,the Al-22 Si-Cu alloy was investigated which was prepared by the combined process using a water-cooled copper serpentine pouring channel(SPC)and Sr-modifier.The results indicate that the grain size of primary Si is refined from 90μm to 28.03μm by the serpentine pouring channel process.With increasing in the Sr content,the precipitation temperature of primary silicon is decreased,and the twin density and grain size of primary Si are both increased firstly and then decreased,which reach the maximum value with the addition of 0.09%Sr.The eutectic Si morphology is modified from acicular to fibrous.The tensile strength of the Al-22 Si-Cu alloy with the addition of 0.12%Sr reaches 212.32 MPa.
摘要:Aiming at problems in spatial confinement of die structure in conventional super-point cooling,a new super-point cooling was presented to enlarge the using range of point cooling and eliminate burning,shrinkage holes in partial narrow position in die castings,so the qualified rate of die castings was improved greatly.
摘要:The microstructure,mechanical properties under different solid solution and aging conditions and internal defects of the squeeze casting A365.2 aluminum alloy engine mount bracket were investigated.The results reveal that microstructure of the heat-treated A356.2 alloy is composed mainly ofα-Al matrix,eutectic Si phase and Mg2Si phase with a grain size of about 148μm and the secondary dendrite spacing around 20μm.After solution aging treatment,part of the eutectic Si phase is dissolved into theα-Al matrix,and the other is distributed in the form of granular or spherical particle at theα-Al grain boundary.The solution time,aging temperature and aging time can affect the mechanical properties of A356.2.It is found that with solution at 535 ℃ for 6 hand water quenching for 8 min+ aging at 170℃for 6 h,the tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of the squeezing casting aluminum alloy bracket reach 340.5 MPa,274.5 MPa and 10%,respectively,meeting the mechanical properties standard required by the engine bracket.
关键词:Squeeze Casting;Engine Mount Bracket;Solution and Aging;Microstructure;Mechanical Properties
摘要:Based on the high precision feature of the waveguide tuber for phased array radar,the die-casting and assembly technology were adopted to manufacture the waveguide tube meeting the technological requirement.Through analyzing the process difficulties of the waveguide tube,the gas-controlling method of YL113 aluminum alloy,die-casting technique and assembly technology were analyzed.The results show that by using inert gas refining and vacuum degassing process,the gas content in the liqurd Al is decreased significantly which is better for the internal quality,By optimizing the pouring gate design and processing parameter,the dimensional precision of the loudspeaker-like casting and two stiffened reinforcing rib can be guaranteed with yield strength more than 270 MPa and elongation more than 2%.Meanwhile,using annealing,natural aging treatment and assembly fixture,the dimensional precision of the waveguide tube can be guaranteed and the product qualified rate can be reached up to 91%.
摘要:Different refractory fillers were added to the gypsum,and the flowability,time,wet strength of gypsum powder,strength after calcination,linear shrinkage and microstructure of the gypsum slurry were tested and analyzed at the same water-paste ratio.The results reveal that coal gangue and diatomaceous earth are simultaneously incorporated into the gypsum cast powder,then,after calcination the gypsum grains are well overlapped,compacted and the gypsum molding have the good strength.The flow diameter of gypsum slurry is 90 mm,the initial time of 7 min with the final time of 17 min,the flexural strength of 2.02 MPa,the compressive strength of2.3 MPa.After calcination the flexural strength is 0.458 MPa with the compressive strength of 1.07 MPa,and its linear shrinkage rate of 0.320% when the content of coal gangue is 20%and diatomite is 10%.
摘要:The temperature field distribution of the guide vane of heavy-duty gas turbine was analyzed by combining with precision casting experiment and numerical calculation.In addition,the forming process of shrinkage porosities was expounded by semi-quantitative theoretical calculation.The results reveal that the shrinkage porosities are closely related to the shrinkage volume in solidification stage,and the shrinkage volume is closely related to temperature gradient,wall thickness and mushy-zone width.Through increasing the temperature gradient in all directions,the shrinkage volume can be reduced to be eliminated.Meanwhile,it can also slow down the overheating of the casting on the core and shell side.
摘要:It was described for formation mechanism of the pores in the castings,the test methodes of the permeability of the coating and the factors affecting the permeability of the coating.The research progress of gas hole defects in lost foam castings was summarized in recent years.The principle of gas permeability testing of several coatings at present was expounded.The effects of coating thickness,refractory particles and organic additives on the permeability of coatings were analyzed.
摘要:The casting behavior of copper cladding aluminum in the horizontal continuous casting process was investigated.The effects of pouring temperature of liquid aluminum and casting speed on the distribution of temperature field,liquid fraction and velocity field for copper cladding aluminum during continuous casting process was numerically analyzed using the Fluent TMsoftware combining with the experiments.The simulated results show that with the increase of the pouring temperature of aluminum melt in the graphite core,the temperature of aluminum melt contacted with the copper tube is increased,and the melt meniscus depth is increased,so the reaction between aluminum and copper is generated easily.In addition,with increasing in the casting speed,melt meniscus depth of aluminum liquid is increased,and the contact time between liquid aluminum and the copper tube wall is increased.The simulated results are in good agreement with experimental ones.The experimental results show that the high quality ingot can be obtained at the pouring temperature of 710~730 ℃and casting speed of 200 mm/min.
摘要:Three-dimensional orthogonal Cf/Al composites with volume fraction of 50% Cfwere fabricated by vacuum pressure infiltration.The microstructure and bending properties of the composites at room temperature and high temperature were investigated.The failure mechanism of bending properties of the composites was described.The results indicate that the micro-void defects in the warp microstructure of three dimensional orthogonal Cf/Al composites are slightly more than those in the weft microstructure.The bending strength of the composites at room temperature、350℃and 400 ℃ reaches 498.8 MPa、363.0 MPa and 303.0 MPa,respectively.The bending modulus of the composites at room temperature、350℃ and 400℃ reaches 70.8 GPa、63.7 GPa and 65.6 GPa,respectively.The bending failure is mainly attributed to the buckling deformation of the warp fiber bundles caused by the compression on the inner surface,and the morphology of weft fiber bundles is relatively intact.In addition,the tensile failure of the composites is caused by the tension of the external side and existence of fiber pull-out.
摘要:SiCp/Al-Fe-V-Si composites were prepared by spray deposition,and then were wedge pressed.The effects of wedge pressing on pores,density,SiC-Al interface and mechanical properties of the composites prepared were investigated.The results reveal that microstructure and properties of the composites prepared can be improved effectively by increasing the cumulative reduction of the wedge pressing.The pressed blank is characterized with weak metallurgical bonding,low ultimate strength and elongation because of microcracks among deposited particles and between SiC particles and the Al-matrix when the cumulative reduction is lower than 45%.With cumulative reduction more than 45%,the micro-crack among the deposited particles as well as between Al matrix and SiC particles is bridged,so interface bonding is improved.Meanwhile,there is absence of evident Al4C3 brittle phase generating.There is no significant change in microstructure of the composite when the cumulative reduction is more increase,while the SiC particles are distributed more uniformly.The ultimate strength and elongation of the composites reach 291 MPa and 2.4%,respectively,when the cumulative reduction is 50%.
摘要:The(Mg2Ni+Mg3Sb2)/Mg composites with different Ni content were prepared by powder metallurgy method,and the prepared composites were deformed by hot pressing process.The effects of hot pressing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of(Mg2Ni+Mg3Sb2)/Mg composites were investigated.The results reveal that the hot press deformation can refine the matrix Mg particles,and improve the uniformity of Mg3Sb2 and Mg2Ni microstructure distribution as well as eliminating the defects such as voids and cracks in the composites and improving the density,so significantly increasing the mechanical properties of the composites.
摘要:The effects of trace rare earth cerium on as-cast structure of industrial pure aluminium were investiagted.The refinement and modification mechanism of cerium on microstructure were analyzed.The results show that trace cerium can increase the perturbation of supercooling and solute instability,and release a large amount of latent heat,which lead to the decrease of interface stability and the refinement of microstructure and grain size.Cerium has a higher chemical activity,so it is easy to generate newαphase core and promote grain refinement.The rare earth compounds formed on the interface will fill the defects on the interface surface to promote the transformation of the impurity phase into pellets,and adsorb the impurity atoms to enrich at the grain boundary.
摘要:The effects of strain rate on the plastic deformation mechanism of magnesium twin interface with void were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation with embedded atomic potential.The results reveal that the main forms of plastic deformation include partial dislocation,slip band and stacking fault.The Young’s modulus is independent of strain rate,and with the increase of the strain rate,the yield stress is increased.With the strain rate increase,the number of dislocations and slip bands are increased,while the number of stacking faults is increased firstly and then decreased,meanwhile the average length of dislocation motion free travel is decreased.With the deformation applied,the dislocation source produces new dislocations continuously,which leads to the increase of dislocation density.With high strain rate,stress concentration is easy to form at grain boundary,and microcracks will occur.
摘要:The casting process of complex Zl114 Aalloy housing was analyzed from the housing design,casting process design,internal quality control,mechanical property control and size control.Combined with the numerical simulation technology,the developed time of casting is shortened,and the premium housing with internal quality、mechanical properties and size accuracy can meet the design requirements.
摘要:The as-cast Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr alloy was subjected to high temperature hot compressive deformation test by using Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator at 1 050℃to 1 200℃and the strain rate of 0.001 s-1 to 0.1 s-1 as well as deformation rate of 60%.The relationship between deformation temperature,strain rate and flow stress during high temperature deformation of the alloy was analyzed.Meanwhile,the active energy of the alloy was calculated.The Arrhenius constitutive model of Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr alloy and the constitutive model of multiple linear regression were established.The results reveal that the active energy of the alloy is increased with increasing in temperature and strain rate.The correlation coefficient Rof the Arrhenius constitutive model reaches 0.982 28,and the average relative error is 9.97%.In addition,the relative error within 10% only accounts for 62.0%.The correlation coefficient Rof the constitutive model of Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr alloy with multivariate linear regression reaches0.995 66,and the average relative error is 4.76%,meanwhile,the relative error within 10%is 92.6%,presenting a higher constitutive accuracy.
关键词:Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr Alloy;High Temperature Deformation;Active Energy;Constitutive Model