摘要:The research progress of numerical simulation technique with respect to grain selection,aeroengine turbine blades manufactured by HRS directional solidification method and industrial gas turbine(IGT)blades manufactured by LMC method was introduced,respectively.The mathematical and physical model of these two directional solidification processes was described,and the merits and dis-merits of them were analyzed comparatively.To a great extent,the quality of single crystal blades depends on the geometrical structure of spiral selector.The invalidation of selector design may decrease the selecting efficiency and lead to stray grains.The process for producing single crystal blades was optimized by means of the simulation of temperature field and microstructure.Moreover,the more complex process for producing IGT blades was simulated to reduce R&D cycle and save the cost.
摘要:Effects of secondary rolling temperature and deformation rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of the 7050 aluminum alloy cast rolling sheets were investigated.Microstructure observation reveals that with the rolling deformation rate of 15%,most of grains in the alloy samples with 4mm in thickness remain cast rolling state,and with the deformation rate of 60%,the grain size in the sample is refined,and as-casting rolling state structure is dissolved greatly with elongated along rolling direction.With the deformation rate of 75%,the cast-rolling structure completely disappears,and grain is broken fully with clear elongated flow-line.When the rolling temperature is increased to 450℃,the rheological properties of the materials exhibit desirable,and the recrystallization is more easily generated,so the mechanical properties of the prepared sheets have the most satisfied results,where tensile strength and elongation reach 310.2 MPa and 3.77%,respectively.
摘要:Various internal defects in Mo-15 Walloy fabricated by powder metallurgy were analyzed by the ultrasonic detection to obtain the position and size of internal defects.The results reveal that the ultrasonic testing can positioning accurately and recognizing accurately the internal defects in Mo-15 W alloy materials.And the corresponding relation of different defects and ultrasonic wave was presented.In addition,the mechanical properties of the samples with pore defects were measured by tensile and bending testing.The function relationship between pore size and bending as well as tensile strength was established by fitting ways.Therefore,variation of the material mechanics properties could be calculated through the pore size,which would be presented reference value in engineering for the selection of molybdenum alloy.
摘要:The homogenization process and microstructure of 7075 alloy ingot were analyzed by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The results show that the microstructure of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Cr alloy ingot consists of Al matrix and Mg(Zn,Al,Cu)2non-equilibrium eutectic phase.With homogenized at 460 ℃,the dendritic structure in the alloy disappears partly,and low melting point phases is dissolved insufficiencily,so alloy constituent exhibits unevenly diffusion,while with homogenized at 470 ℃,part of structure is overburned.After homogenized at 460℃×5h+480℃×24hand 460℃×5h+490℃×24h,the eutectic structure at grain boundary are bascally eliminated,however,grain size is grew up obviously,where the final grain size of the alloy at two homogenizing treatments reaches 120μm and 150μm,respectively.After treated at 400℃×5h+460 ℃×24h+470 ℃×24h,the eutectic structures is totally dissolved,and grain size is about 75μm.It is indicated that the three level homogenization treatment is desirable for treating Al-ZnMg-Cu-Cr alloy.
摘要:Microstructure and mechanical properties of 2014 aluminum alloy prepared by casting-forging integrated technology at varied forging-starting time were investigated.The results show that microstructure of the parts exhibits compaction with forging-starting time of 45sas a result of effectively forced feeding by forging force on the castings.The deformation microstructure can be observed in the parts near to the forged head,and the grain size is increased with the increase of forging-starting time.The tensile strength and elongation of the alloy before and after heat-treatment are increased firstly and then decreased,and then increased again.Without heat treatment,the tensile strength and elongation of parts reach 280 MPa and 8.5%,respectively,when forging-start time is 4s,while with heat treatment,they reach 380 MPa and 6.5%,respectively,when forging-start time is 5s.
摘要:The current electroslag metallurgy technology has entered the mature stage with widely application in industrial facilities after 60 years of research and development.However,there are still some technical problems to be solved.Compared to traditional experimental method,numerical simulation technology has the advantages of simple operation and saving cost,which is more and more widely applied in the electroslag metallurgy technology.The numerical simulation technology was reviewed for electroslag metallurgy development from the electroslag ingot,electroslag hollow ingot,electroslag slab,electroslag surface compound and electroslag remelting.
关键词:Electroslag Metallurgy;Electroslag Remelting(ESR);Electroslag Remelting of Casting(ESRC);Numerical Simulation
摘要:Phase-field simulation in cubic symmetry materials has been applied widely to understand dendritic growth and morphology due to a strong advantage in convenience to tracking the solid-liquid interface.The three-dimensional adaptive grid was adopted in phase-field model to accelerate the process.Through repeating simulation to obtain convergence,the grid anisotropy was eliminated.At first,effects of anisotropy parameters of interface energy on dendrite orientation in Fe-C alloy were analyzed.Through comparing dendrite orientation and growth morphology,the optimized anisotropy parameters of interface energy were presented.At last,effects of super-cooling on the parameters,such as dendritic tip radius,tip growth velocity,critical stability coefficient,were described quantitatively.
摘要:The initial casting process of steel casting beam was designed by conventional method.The solidification process of initial casting was simulated by the View Cast software.The location and origination of shrinkage porosities in the initial casting process were analyzed.Based on the above analysis,through adding chilling iron and using insulating riser,the casting process was optimized and simulated again.The results show that the optimized process can fill smoothly and orderly,realizing sequential solidification and eliminating shrinkage and porosity mostly.According to the optimized process for actual production,the casting quality is improved greatly,and microstructure and mechanical properties meet the requirement.
摘要:Aiming at the poor large plastic deformability of high strength aluminum alloy with low extrudability and elongation,an aluminum alloy cartridge forming process was analyzed,and the hot extrusion process of cartridge case was simulated by using DEFORM-2Dfinite element software.The property parameters of the aluminum alloy during extruding process,such as effective stress,effective strain,temperature,velocity and metal flowing law,were analyzed,and effects of cooling modes on hot extrusion process of aluminum alloy cartridge after homogenization were also discussed.The results show that compared with water-quenching,the billet with furnace-cooling after homogenization has a smaller and well-distributed effective stress value,where peak value difference of the effective stress is about 10 MPa.Meanwhile,stress difference is increased by 5MPa with the decrease of the extrusion temperature at every 50℃,and the extrusion load is reduced by approximately 15%.The calculated results is well agreement with that of ones in experiments.
摘要:The semi-solid non-dendritic microstructure evolution and mechanism of ZA63 magnesium alloy at varied holding temperature and time were investigated by isothermal heat-treatment.The results show that ZA63 alloy with the non-dendritic microstructure can be prepared by semi-solid isothermal heat-treatment,and fine spherical particles with uniform distribution can be obtained.The evolution of non-dendritic microstructure has undergone coarsening,dendrite separation,spheroidization and mergence growth.The optimal heat treatment parameters are reheating at 590 ℃for 20 min for semi-solid thixoforming of the alloy,where the grain size,roundness and solid fraction reach 59.16μm,1.5and43%,respectively.
摘要:SiCp/A356 composites with 40% SiCpcontent was fabricated by semi-solid mechanical stirring method.The density of composites was measured,and the microstructure of the composites prepared was observed.The results indicate that special treated SiCp with 800 mesh can be used to prepare SiCp/A356 composite with more than 40% SiCpcontent,and the SiCpparticles can be distributed uniformly in the matrix alloy.With SiCpcontent increasing from 41%to 43%,the density of the composites decreases from 2.714g/cm3 to 2.615g/cm3 non-linearly.The particles and the matrix exhibit the satisfied bonding effects without obvious interfacial reaction.It is feasible to use semi-solid stirring method to prepare SiCp/A356 composites with more than 40% SiCpcontent.
摘要:Two kinds of aluminum alloy clutch case with similar structures were produced with two different kinds of gating systems(center gate,side gate)by die casting to analyze casting quality.The results reveal that the casting quality with center gate is superior to that of ones with side gate.And then,filling process of two kinds of gating systems was visualized by the MAGMA software to understand possible position and reason of defect generation in the castings.To improve the quality of die casting aluminum alloy clutch case,the center gate was adopted.Meanwhile,for the problem of the center gate,the countermeasures were presented.
摘要:Through analyzing the applied conditions and ways of equation p = pJ-K1Q2 and p= KQ2,the application of two formulas and ways using the Excel to draw the electronic tables and diagram images automatically and quickly were described.The p-Qparabolic diagram substituted for traditional p-Q2 linear diagram,called p-Q Technology,was introduced.Compared to the p-Q2 diagram,the p-Q diagram can reflect the function relationship more clearly and truly.Through some special methods in using Excel,a large amount of data can be obtained.The simulation of molding test on p-Qdiagram by adding four straight lines,vmax,vmin,tmaxand tmin was performed,which could form an optimal technological block diagram and get the actual formulas:p =pJ-K1Q2 and p= KQ2 through finding the spot(Q,p)as boundary conditions from the time-stroke-pressure curve diagram on the machine tool screen,building the p-Q diagram to verify the reliability of die casting technology before formal production and so on.
关键词:Die Casting;p-Q Technology;Excel;Simulation of Molding Test;Formal Production
摘要:Metallographic microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),hardness and tensile properties were used to investigated the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si alloy by gravity casting and by squeeze casting with different pressure,and the microstructure evolution and its mechanism were described.The results show that,there exist bright white short rod like Al2 Cu phase,white fishbone AlSiCuMg phase,black massive primary silicon phase and gray coral shaped eutectic silicon phase in the gravity casting Al-Si alloy.The primary silicon phase in squeeze casting Al-Si alloy is decreased with the increase of the pressure ratio,while the size is refined gradually,and the Al2 Cu and AlSiCuMg phase are decreased with refinement in grain size.Brinell hardness of squeeze cast Al-Si alloy are the higher than that of gravity casting Al-Si alloy,and with the increase of the extrusion ratio,the hardness of the alloy is increased firstly and then decreased.Compared with those of gravity casting AlSi alloy,the tensile strength and elongation are increased by 25.4% and 202.1%,respectively for squeeze cast Al-Si alloy with 600 MPa pressure.
摘要:The software View Cast was employed to predict the sizes and positions of the shrinkage porosities(holes)in the sideboard produced by lost foam casting.The results reveal that the sequential solidification can be achieved in the casting process,so absence of defect such as shrinkage porosities can be observed in the sideboard with sound structure,meeting the technical requirements.The microstructure of the sideboard prepared is mainly composed of acicular ferrite and pearlite as well as shperoidal graphite.With heated to 500 ℃and 700 ℃,there exist no obvious changes of the hardness and microstructure.With heated to 900℃,ferrite austenite is transformed into the broken ferrite and pearlite uniformly distributed in the microstrucutre after cooling,at the same time,the samples are increase in hardness.The analysis of oxidation experiments show that the temperatures have great influence on the oxidation rate of sample,which are attributed to different thickness of oxide films formed under different temperatures resulting in the varied oxidation rate of the samples due to changing the diffusion rate of Fe and oxygen.
摘要:Effects of filtration purification on mechanical properties and stress rupture properties of Nibase superalloy K4169 secondary revert were investigated by using multilayer ceramic foam filter.The results show that the filtration treatment can improve the strength and elongation of superalloy K4169 secondary revert,especially rupture life through ceramic foam filter with multilayer smaller pore diameter.The rupture life of the purified alloy is increased from 0.17 hto more than 20.5hat 650 ℃/620 MPa.The structure of the alloy was investigated by SEM and OM.The results indicate that the inclusion with more than 10μm in size can be removed effectively from the alloy by the infiltration,and microporosity is decreased significantly.
摘要:The investment casting process for a hollow,thin-walled and circular ZTC4 framework with345mm in diameter and 150 mm in length and hollow structure was analyzed.The temperature field during metal filling and solidification process and the distribution of shrinkage porosities in the framework were simulated by Huazhu CAE software.According to the simulated results,gating system was optimized,and a qualified framework was produced.
摘要:Three-dimensional printing has a good developing prospect in rapid casting because of its high forming efficiency,low system cost and variety of materials.Aiming at the problems such as low strength of green parts of coated sand fabricated by 3DP,the raw coated sand was improved by addition ofα-plaster.And effects ofα-plaster content on the tensile strength,the amount of gas evolution and air permeability of coated sand were investigated by the experiment.The results show that the tensile strength is increased by adding moderateα-plaster,however,the amount of gas evolution is increased and the air permeability is decreased with the increase ofα-plaster content.The tensile strength of green parts with 3%α-plaster is 0.931 MPa,which is three times of raw pearl coated sand.The amount of gas evolution reaches 13.3mL/g at 850 ℃,and air permeability is 50.07.
摘要:High nickel cast iron rods with 54 mm in diameter were produced by horizontal continuous casting.The formation mechanism of microstructure and mechanical properties of the cast iron at varied locations were investigated.The results show that the graphite in high nickel cast iron rods from the edge to the 3R/5is D-type graphite zone,and morphology of austenite grain exhibits the developed fine dendrite.The graphite in high nickel cast iron rods from the 3R/5to the axis are D-type graphite and a small amount of the E-type graphite.Morphology of austenite grain is coarse dendrite.There exists a little carbide about 1.0%1.3%in the bar.Tensile strength and hardness of the high nickel cast iron rods reach 247 273 MPa and 142to152 HB,respectively.
摘要:The CrxCuFe2Mo0.5Nb0.5Ni2(x=0,0.5,1.0,2.0,named as C1,C2,C3 and C4alloys,respectively)high entropy alloys were prepared with non-vacuum self-consumer arc melting furnace.The microstructure and hardness of the alloys prepared at as-cast,700 ℃ and 800 ℃ annealed treatment for 12 h were characterized.The results show that the as-cast alloys are composed of a mixed structure of BCC,FCC and HCP phases.The change of phase structure is absent after annealed treatment at 700℃,presenting agood thermostability.Except C2 alloy.Phase of the alloys is transferred from FCC phase to BCC phase after 800 ℃ aging treatment.Microstructure of the annealed alloys is composed of dendritic and interdendritic structure,and region of the interdendritic is enlarged gradually after annealed at 700℃ and 800 ℃.The hardness of the as-cast and annealed alloys is increased slightly with the Cr content increase.After 800 ℃annealed treatment,hardness of the C4 alloy is increased from 441 HV to 480 HV,increased by only about 8.8%,presenting a relatively weak phenomenon of age hardening.
摘要:Ti40Cu39Ni11Zr10bulky alloys with different diameters from 2mm to 4mm were prepared by using copper mold casting method.The structure and thermal stability of the bulky amorphous alloys prepared were investigated by means of X-ray diffractometry(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Its corrosion resistance was evaluated by conducting electrochemical corrosion test and variable temperature weightless corrosion in 3mol/L HCl solution.Results show that 2mm in diameter for glass formation is only obtained of the Ti40Cu39Ni11Zr10 bulky alloys,and it exhibits acceptable thermal stability.The TiCu phase is precipitated in amorphous matrix for increasing size to 3mm and 4mm.The corrosion behavior of between Ti40Cu39Ni11Zr10 bulky amorphous alloy and the 304 stainless steel was investigated comparatively by electrochemical method in3.5% NaCl solution and by variable temperature weightless corrosion at 303 K,318Kand 333 Kin 3mol/L HCl solution.Compared with the 304 stainless steel,the Ti40Cu39Ni11Zr10 bulky amorphous alloy have a better corrosion resistance.
摘要:In order to improve strength and hardness of the magnesium alloy structural parts,through taking AZ91 Dalloy as the matrix,adding fly-ash cenosphere(FAC)and rare earth Y,a new FAC/magnesium alloy composites was prepared.Effects of Y on microstructure and mechanical properties of FAC/AZ91 Dcomposites prepared were investigated by means of optical microscope,XRD,Vickers hardness testing and compressive testing.The results show that the microstructure is refined obviously with Y addition,and the Mg2 Si phase is transformed from network structure to bulky one.Addition of Y and FAC can improve hardness of the composite.In addition,Addition of Y can increase the compressive strength of FAC/AZ91 Dcomposites.
摘要:Mo-WC-Co alloy was prepared by powder melullurgy method.Effects of Al2O3 content on microstructure,hardness and wear-resistance of the alloy were investigated by OM,XRD,SEM and EDS.The results reveal that grain size and porosities of the Mo-WC-Co alloy are reduced with increasing in Al2O3 content.The relative density of the alloy with 0.2% Al2O3 content reaches the maximum value.With Al2O3 content more than 0.2%,hardness of the alloy keeps stable while the wear-resistance is declined.
摘要:The Mg-Ni-Y alloys were prepared by conventional gravity casting,and effects of Ni additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloys were investigated.The results show that the Mg-0.5Ni-3.5Yalloy is composed ofα-Mg matrix and Mg24Y5 phases,while,in the Mg-1.2Ni-3.5Y,Mg24Y5 phases disappear with the generation of lamellar long period stacking ordered(LPSO)phases.Besides ofα-Mg matrix and LPSO phases,eutectic structures can be obserevd at the grain boundaries in Mg-1.9Ni-3.5Yand Mg-3.5Ni-3.5Yalloy.LPSO phase can enhance the strength of alloys,so the Mg-1.2Ni-3.5Yalloy with lots of fine and dense LPSO lamellar structure exhibits the desirable mechanical properties,where the ultimate tensile strength and elongation reach 210 MPa and 8.8%,respectively.
摘要:Al-Fe alloy was prepared by vacuum arc furnace.The microstructure,composition and pulverization mechanism of Al-Fe alloy were observed by SEM(scanning electron microscopy),EDS(energy dispersive spectrometer)and XRD.XRD results show that the Al-Fe alloys consist of FeAl2、FeAl3and Fe2Al5.However,the RE-Al-Fe alloy is composed of the FeAl3、Fe2Al5and a small amount of the REAl-Fe phase.And content of the RE-Al-Fe phase in alloys is increased with increasing in rare earth content.The results also show that the pulverization of alloy is extended effectively as a result of grain refinement and more compact microstructure with increasing in RE content in the Al-Fe alloy.
摘要:5A06alloy cylindrical cup with concave bottom with pre-bulging HDD was analyzed based on numerical simulation.The forming process with different pre-bulging pressures and chamber pressures was simulated.The results indicate that the reasonable match between the bulging pressure and liquid chamber pressure can reduce the tensile stress,restrain the serious thinning of the bottom and increase the drawing limitation of aluminum alloy cup with concave bottom.Experiments were conducted to observe the concave cup forming with drawing ratio of 2.2,which was also compared with the simulated ones.In addition,the forming defects in experiments were analyzed.The experimental results were consistent with simulated ones,verifying the reliability of simulation.
关键词:Hydrodynamic Deep Drawing;Numerical Simulation;Concave Bottom Cylindrical Parts;Prebulging
摘要:Effects of Er and Gd compound addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Mg-3.2Si ally were investigated by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and EMPA.And modification mechanism of the Er and Gd was also described.With 0.6%(mass fraction,the same below)Er addition,size of the primary Mg2Si phase in Mg-3.2Si alloy is refined from 150μm to 40μm with structure transformed from bulky dendritic into irregular polyhedron shape.And then adding0.6% Gd,polyhedron primary Mg2Si phase with size in 2030μm can be observed,exhibiting the desirable modification effects.However,when addition of rare earth is excessive,the primary Mg2Si phase becomes coarse.Er and Gd can enrich on the primary Mg2Si phase to control its growth process and change growth mode.Moreover,Er and Gd can generate the continuous solid solution during solidification because of the same lattice structure.With compound adding 0.6% Er and 0.6% Gd,tensile strength and elongation of the alloy reach 112 MPa and 3.2%,respectively.
摘要:The electrical breakdown performance of the Cu-25 Cr alloy,which is taken Cu-Cr alloy as cathode,the pure W bar with 3.2mm in diameter as anode formed in vacuum chamber,was investigated by measuring and calculating the dielectric strength of the Cu-25 Cr alloy and relationship between distance and voltage,resistance.Meanwhile,effects of different content(0.06%,0.2%)rare earth element on electrical breakdown performance of the alloy were analyzed.By analyzing the dielectric strength of the samples,the relation between distance and voltage,electric resistance,the microstructure of the samples before and after the experiment,the factors affecting Cu-Cr alloy’s electrical breakdown performance were described.The results reveal that voltage strength resistance and anti-electric arc corrosion of the Cu-Cr alloy are imcreased to improve the electric breakdown performance as a result of RE refining structure.The electric breakdown performance of the Cu-Cr alloy is related with electric resistance and distance.At a given distance,with increasing in electric resistance,voltage strength resistance of the alloy is increased,which can decrease arc distance of electric contactor,meeting the electric performance requirements.
摘要:<正>据外媒报道,位于英国伦敦的白教堂铸钟厂(The Whitechapel Bell Foundry)是全英历史最悠久的铸钟厂,曾铸造过大本钟及美国费城自由之钟,更因是全英最老而尚在营运的铸造厂,被列入吉尼斯世界纪录。虽然如此,该铸钟厂仍宣布倒闭。据悉,该铸钟厂于1570年开业,有超过400年的历史。铸钟厂与英国王室的关系非常密切,其中闻名世界的大本钟就是铸钟