摘要:Hot tearing susceptibility(HTS)and microstructure evolution of die casting Mg-10Zn-yAl(y=0,2,3.5,5)alloys(ZA series alloys)were investigated.The HTSof alloys was investigated using rod die casting mold and it was determined based on the location and quantity of cracks in the rods.The HTSresults show that Al is effective to improve the hot tearing resistance of ZA series alloys.The HTSof ZA105 alloy reaches the lowest value.Thermodynamic calculation software(Pandat8.0)was used to calculate solidification paths of ZA series alloys.The results reveal that the correlation between HTS and Flep(liquid fraction at the end of primary solidification)is negative,while it between HTS and FTR(freezing temperature range)is positive.Microstructure analysis by EDS and XRD confirms that Al addition can refine effectively the grain size in the Mg-10Zn alloy.With increasing in Al addition,the amounts of secondary phase are increased,where the secondary phase is mainly Mg5Zn2 in the ascast Mg-10Zn alloy and it is mainly quasicrystal phase(Mg62~69Zn22~25Al6~16)in the other alloys.
摘要:The effects of annealing temperature on the electrochemical properties of Zr56Cu19Ni11Al9Nb5 metallic glass in 3.5% NaCl solution were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).DSC results show that at the heating rate of 10 K/min,the glass transition temperature Tgis689.0 Kand the crystallization temperature Txis 733.3 K.XRD and SEM results reveal that the as-cast sample and the samples annealed at 623 Kand 723 Kfor 30 min present amorphous structure and ones annealed at 823 K and 923 Kare crystallized with higher crystallization degree at higher annealing temperature.Potentiodynamic polarization tests and EIS show that for the as-cast samples and the samples annealed at 623~923 Kfor 30 min,with the increase of the annealing temperature,the spontaneous corrosion potential is increased firstly and then decreased,and the corrosion current density is decreased firstly and then increased,while the radius of capacitance impedance is increased firstly and then decreased.It is indicated that the corrosion resistance is increased firstly and then decreased,with the best for the sample annealed at 723 Kand the worst for the sample annealed at 923 K.
摘要:Based on Cahn-Hilliard diffusion equation,the time-space function was used to define the field variables to describe the composition evolution with time.The phase-field model was used to predict the Spinodal decomposition of Fe-35 Cr,Fe-40 Cr and Fe-45 Cr alloys to analyze the volume fraction,average particle size and particle size distribution of precipitates.The results show that the morphology of the α′ phase in the Fe-Cr alloy presents initially worm-like.With the increase of aging time,the worm-like α′ phase is gradually grown and transformed to ellipsoid or rod-like structure.As the increase of Cr concentration,the average radius and equilibrium volume fraction of the α′ phase are increased.And the nucleation,growth and coarsening rate are accelarated.The simulated results are helpful to understand the phase decomposition of Fe-Cr alloy and the design of high temperature duplex stainless steel.
摘要:The microstructure evolution,mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of low nickel austenitic stainless steel were investigated by means of optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM),universal material testing machine and electrochemical workstation within the solution temperature range from 1 000℃to 1 200℃.The results reveal that the austenite content is increased and the ferrite content is decreased with the temperature rising from 1 000℃to 1 050℃.After 1 050℃,the austenite content is decreased and the ferrite content is increased with the increase of temperature.The ferrite content is increased obviously and the grain size is decreased at 1 200 ℃.The tensile results show that the solution temperature has a little effect on the tensile strength,which has the highest value of 780 MPa at 1 050 ℃,while has a great influence on the elongation,which has the highest value of 39.98%at 1 200℃.The polarization curve test shows that the alloy has the desirable corrosion resistance at 1 150℃,where the value of corrosion current density reaches 6.637μA·cm-2.
摘要:7075(Al-Zn-Mg-Cu)ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy ribbon was prepared by single roller melt rotary cooling method,and hot extrusion was performed at 400~500 ℃to obtain ultrafine grain 7075 aluminum alloy bar.The microstructure,mechanical properties and tensile fracture of the extruded bar were tested and analyzed.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis indicates that the rapid solidification method can refine significantly the grains,and the average grain size of the prepared ribbon is less than 1μm.The back-scatter diffraction(EBSD)results demonstrate that the bar obtained by hot extrusion from the ultrafine grain ribbon presents a significantly finer grain and better mechanical performance than the conventional cast hot extruded bar.Under the test conditions,with the hot extrusion temperature increase,microstructure of the extruded bar is gradually densified.Although the grains are coarsened,the strength and plasticity are still improved.At 500℃,the hot extruded bar exhibits the desirable mechanical performance,where the tensile strength and elongation reach 517.1 MPa and 23.2%,increased by 12.0%and 51.6%,respectively,compared with those of the traditional casting hot extrusion bar.
摘要:The metallographic etching agent for as-cast magnesium alloy was analyzed.The microstructure of Mg-Al alloy,Mg-Li alloy and Mg-Zn alloy with six compositions was investigated by means of six kinds of etching agents.By observing the matrix structure and the second phase structure,the more suitable etching agent was presented.The experimental results show that the alcohol solution of picric acid acetic acid can not only show the matrix structure of magnesium alloy,but also show the second phase structure well,so it is a widely used etching agent for Mg alloy.
摘要:Laser remelting is a surface modification technology that continuously scans the surface of the alloy with a high-energy laser beam,and the process of laser remelting is rapid heating then followed by rapid cooling.It can improve the surface wear resistance and corrosion resistance by refining the microstructure,reducing segregation and forming supersaturated solid solution.The influence of temperature field on the morphology evolution of molten pool and the solidification mechanism of remelted layer were described,and the research progress in laser remelting surface strengthening technology in improving the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of alloys was expounded.Finally,the practical application of laser remelting surface modification technology was prospected.
摘要:Accurate calculation of radiation heat transfer is one of the key factors to obtain high quality castings during directional solidification of superalloy.The finite differential mesh was modified to simulate the directional solidification heat transfer process of superalloy blades,and different process parameters were used for comparative analysis.The results show that,the mesh modification method can improve the accuracy of numerical calculation of radiative heat transfer on the outer surface of regular and irregular composite geometric models to a certain extent.When the drawing speed is 6 mm/min,the solid-liquid interface morphology of alloys presents the most stable.As the convective heat transfer coefficient between the shell and the alloy increases,the intermediate high temperature region of the blade alloy cross section is decreased gradually until the cross section temperature is tended to be uniform,and the temperature field is gradually decreased from the outside to the inside.
摘要:The optimized gating system was determined for the vacuum die casting shocking tower based on the Flow-3 Dsoftware with different editions to analyze comparatively the gating system design.Through simulation analysis,the potential defects in the shocking tower during filling and solidification process were visualized,and the optimized structure in the mould design was conducted.
关键词:Shocking Tower;Vacuum Die Casting;Gating System;FLOW-3D
摘要:Aiming at the problems in the long component with the thin wall and difficult to be formed with single channel feeding,two-point feeding method was considered.However,hydraulic cylinder was difficult to ensure synchronization,so electro-hydraulic hybrid injection system was designed.The practical production verifies that the injection system can meet the requirement of squeezing the complicated components and decrease the cost.
关键词:Double-Point Feed;Dual Cylinder Synchronous;Electro-Hydraulic Mixing;Extrusion Injection System
摘要:Because the velocity parameters in the low speed stage of aluminum alloy high pressure casting were basically set by experience of technicians,the uncertainty of the air volume entrapped by liquid aluminum in the pressure chamber during the injection process was generated,and the quality of the product was fluctuated greatly.Taking the die casting process of an oil cooler of a certain automobile part as an example,the DOE optimization function of casting simulation MAGMASOFT was used to reduce air pressure and entrapped air mass inside the casting,and to improve the filling performance as well as carrying out a multi-group virtual experiment on the low speed injection of the casting.By using the computer simulation operation,the results were compared and the optimized low speed injection were presented.The results show that the internal quality of the oil cooler exhibits desirable,and the stability of die casting process was guaranteed and the economic benefit was improved.
摘要:The product structure,die-casting mold structure and main defects in the double cavity throttle valve body were analyzed.The design of the gating system was verified by using the P-Q2 formula of die-casting system,and the overflow exhaust system was analyzed by using the mold flow analysis software.Some measures were taken to reduce effectively the reject rate of the product.
摘要:Die-casting aluminum alloy smelting is an important process in the process of die-casting production.The un-strictly control of smelting process would lead to the increase of slag content and gas content in liquid aluminum and chemical composition change,resulting in pinhole,oxidation slag inclusion,shrinkage porosity and unqualified chemical composition,and affecting the quality of the casting.The key processes such as the mixture of old and new materials before smelting,smelting temperature,smelting slag removal and purification of liquid aluminum,refining and degassing were analyzed and discussed,so as to determine a reasonable process range,providing high-quality liquid aluminum and obtaining qualified castings.
摘要:The basic principle of 3D printing technology was expounded.Through combining 3D printing technology with traditional casting,the cast iron pipe parts with complex structure were manufactured successfully,and the specific implementaion process was described.The problems encountered in the trial production process were solved.Finally,through the analysis of the parts,it is verified that this method is suitable for the production of single-piece small batches parts.
摘要:Titanium alloy intermediate casing is a typical large components with many thin-walled and complicated structures.In the trial stage,it is a high cost and time-consuming process to manufacture the wax pattern of intermediate casing by mold.The molten pattern forming technology based on the principle of 3 Dprinting could solve effectively this problem.The selective laser sintering(SLS)technology was used to realize the rapid prototyping of the polystyrene molten pattern in the precision casting of the intermediate casing.The casting process of the intermediate casing and the shrinkage defects were simulated by ProCAST software.The titanium alloy intermediate casing with excellent metallurgical quality and size accuracy CT7 was prepared by centrifugal casting technology.
摘要:The investment casting technique of the turbine guide vanes with structural characteristics,such as double integral-cast,hollow gas cooling and directional column crystal,was investigated.The results show that,integrally cast structure can be realized by welding blade wax patterns in the pattern design and manufacture.By the group welding tool,it is not only realized the welding of the single blade wax pattern,but also meet the relative position requirements between each welded single blade wax pattern.Based on the reasonable gating system design and selected directional solidification parameters,the problem of the columnar growth in the directional solidification of the twin blade was solved.Automatic control and measurement of the profile,passage point,bending and torsion control point as well as throat area of the twin blade can be achieved by using the coordinate measuring machine.
摘要:The AlCrCuNixTi(x=0.2,0.4,0.6,1.0)high entropy alloys were prepared by arc melting process.The phase,microstructure,elemental distribution and hardness of the alloys were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and digital display Vickers hardness tester.The results show that the alloys are composed of a mixed structure of FCC1,FCC2 and BCC phases when the x=0.2,0.4 and 0.6.As the x=1.0,the alloys consist of FCC1 and FCC2 phases.The hardness of the alloys is decreased gradually from430 HV to 386 HV with the increase of Ni content.
摘要:In order to understand the hydrolysis mechanism of activated aluminum by bismuth,Al-Bi-NaCl,AlCu-NaCl and Al-Sn-NaCl composites were prepared by ball milling.By hydrogen production experiment,it is found that the effect of Al-Bi micro-galvanic cells on promoting hydrolysis of aluminum can be ignored.The composites were characterized by X-ray diffractometer,scanning electron microscope and electrochemical workstation.The results show that brittle and hard Bi is more likely to be embedded in soft,pure aluminum during ball milling,resulting in more defects such as crystal lattice,holes,cracks,rough surfaces,which are responsible for promoting hydrogen production from aluminum hydrolysis as a result of the Al-based composites in a highly active state.The addition of bismuth during ball milling can result in a large negative shift in the electrode potential of the aluminum powder,which can accelerate the corrosion of aluminum to a certain extent.
关键词:Bismuth;Hydrolysis Mechanism;Micro-galvanic Cells;Hydrogen Production Performance;Open Circuit Potential
摘要:Graphene nanoplatelets reinforced aluminum matrix composites were prepared by ball milling and semisolid electromagnetic stirring.The distribution and morphology of GNPs in the composites prepared and micromorphology and mechanical properties of GNPs reinforced aluminum matrix composites were investigated.The results show that the GNPs in the composites obtained are uniformly distributed,showing platelet-shaped and having agood bonding with matrix.GNPs can refine aluminum alloy microstructure.When the GNPs content is 0.6%,the refinement effect is desirable,moreover,the mechanical properties of the composites reach 180.22 MPa in tensile strength which is 25.3% higher than aluminum matrix.And the elongation and hardness reach up to 5.5% and 91.1 HV.
摘要:The continuous SiCf/Al composites with 40%fibre volume fraction were prepared by using SiC fibre unidirectional preform as reinforcement material,ZL301 alloy as matrix material,and fibre preheating temperature at 500℃,530℃and 550℃.The phase composition,fiber damage and mechanical properties of continuous SiCf/Al composites with different fiber preheating temperatures were analyzed.The results reveal that with the increase of preheating temperature,the damage of fibers becomes more serious.The tensile strength of fibers preheated at 500℃reaches 1 827 MPa,which is 77.7%of the strength of fiber precursors.While that of fibers preheated at 550℃reach only 1 360 MPa.The fiber preheating temperature has a great influence on the mechanical properties of continuous SiCf/Al composites.The tensile strength of the composites is the highest when the fibers are preheated at 530℃,reaching 483 MPa,and fracture surface of the composites is characterized by tough crack and moderate interfacial bonding strength.
关键词:SiCf/Al Composite;Preheating Temperature;Vacuum Gas Pressure Infiltration;Fiber Damage
摘要:Taking pure copper powder such as electrolytic copper powder,gas atomized copper powder,water atomized copper powder,alloy copper powder such as tin bronze powder,brass powder,white copper powder as the matrix,copper-based friction materials were prepared by powder metallurgy intergrated with hot pressing sintering.The results reveal that the comprehensive performance of pure copper powder is superior to that of alloy copper powder.Among them,the samples prepared by electrolytic copper powder has the desirable performance,where the density is 5.46 g/cm3,the porosity is 18.14% and the hardness is 23.20 HBW.The samples prepared by atomized copper powder can increase the surface energy and interfacial energy of the powder due to the spherical particle shape playing a role of stabilizing friction and increasing the friction coefficient.And the friction coefficient of the gas atomized copper powder sample reaches up to 0.33.However,in the sample prepared by the alloy copper powder,the irregular shape and structure of the matrix material result in a decrease in the bonding ability and fluidity of the material.After the friction,the material is seriously deformed and the wear rate is increased greatly.
关键词:Copper-based Powder Metallurgy;Type of Copper;Friction Coefficient;Wear Loss
摘要:The aluminium special-shaped arm was broken during use process,and fracture failure analysis was carried out.The results show that the metallographic,hardness and composition of the special-shaped arm meet the technical requirements.SEM analysis reveals that there is the absence of inclusion at the crack source,and the roughness of the crack site reaches 12.5μm,which is much higher than the technical requirement of 1.6μm,and there is no fillet transition at the right corner,which is responsible for cracking.In view of the above reasons,two measures of improving the processing accuracy and increasing the safety factor were adopted,and the cracking problem of the special-shaped arm of aluminium alloy was solved.
摘要:Based on the experimental data of superplastic tensile tests,the neural network prediction model of flow stress of WSTi3515 Sburn-resistant titanium alloy during superplastic deformation was established using BP artificial neural network.The inputs of the model include deformation temperature,strain and strain rate,while the output of the model is the flow stress.The structure adopted four layers back propagation neural network model with 3×10×12×1 double hidden layers.The results show that the BP neural network model can well describe the highly nonlinear complex relationship among the thermodynamic parameters of WSTi3515 Salloy during superplastic deformation.It also can accurately predict the flow stress during superplastic tensile tests,and the average relative error is 1.08%.
摘要:Due to the large difference of melting point and wide range of crystallization temperature,the alloying of Al-Sn alloy was prone to be insufficient and the coarse dendritic structure with serious segregation was also formed easily,and different type and current intensity of electromagnetic field was applied to obtain Al-Sn alloy with uniform microstructure.The results show that electromagnetic field has a great effect on the grain refinement,and with the enhancement of electromagnetic intensity,the grain will be finer.The segregation of second phase in Al-Sn alloy is weakened,and with the increase of the current intensity,the distribution of second phase becomes more uniform.By comparing the second phase of RMF、TMF、RMF+TMF treated Al-Sn alloy,it can be concluded that the tin-rich phase is segregated with RMF,and there is absence of segregation of tin-rich phase with the TMF and TMF+RMF treatment.
关键词:Al-Sn Alloy;Elctromagnetic Casting;Grain Refinement;Segeration of Tin-rich Phase
摘要:Effects of untreated,Sr and B modification,ultrasonic treatment and compound treatment of ultrasonic and modifier on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and T6-state Al-6 Si-3 Cu-0.3 Mg alloy were investigated.Effects of different ultrasonic power and treating time on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and T6-state alloy under compound treatment condition were also analyzed.The results show that modification,ultrasonic treatment and compound treatment can all improve microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-cast and T6-state alloy,however,the effect of compound treatment presents the most remarkable.Compared with those of the untreated alloy,the tensile strength and elongation of as-cast alloy are increased by 10.3%and 57%,respectively,while those of T6-state alloy are increased by 33.4% and 12.9%,respectively.In the range of 0~900 W,with the increase of ultrasonic power,as cast primaryα-Al phase and T6-state eutectic Si are refined gradually.In the range of 0~90 s,with the increase of treating time,as cast primaryα-Al phase and T6-state eutectic Si are refined at first and then coarsened,and the turning point is 30 s.Under different conditions,the tensile strength of as-cast alloy is change slightly,however,as-cast elongation,T6-state tensile strength and elongation of the alloy correspond to its microstructure change law.
摘要:The effects of thermal-cold cycling treatment on microstructures and properties of electromagnetic stirred AZ91 magnesium alloy were analyzed.The electromagnetic stirred AZ91 magnesium alloy was subjected to deep cryogenic treatment at different time after solution treatment,and the same aging treatment was performed.The results reveal that after the deep cryogenic treatment,the tensile strength and elongation of the alloy are improved,and the grain is refined compared with those of the solution samples.In addition,the precipitation of the second phase particles occurs in the cryogenic process.The tensile strength and elongation of the alloy reach 214 MPa,8.95%,respectively,after the cryogenic treatment for 24 h.The deep cryogenic treatment alloy was carried out the aging treatment for 1 h,where the tensile strength of the alloy is significantly improved to 242 MPa.
摘要:As the characteristics of thermal expansion and cool contraction metal,environmental temperature has great influence on measurement error of metal parts.So metal parts need to be placed in the constant temperature room before measurement,then high accuracy measurement data can be obtained after achieving target temperature of parts.Takes the aluminum casting with different weight and maximum projected area of automobile as an example,the required time of reaching the constant time of 20±2 ℃ from initial temperature of test was analyzed.At last,the holding time before dimension measurement by parts was presented.
关键词:Aluminum Casting;Dimension Measurement;Holding Time
摘要:The thermal expansion properties of Mg-xSi(x=1、2、3、4)binary alloy and Mg-4 Si-yCa(y=0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0)alloy were measured and anlyzed.The results reveal that the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE)is decreased with the increase of Si content.When Si content is 4%,the average CTE is decreased from2.600×10-5/℃to 1.798×10-5/℃ between room temperature(RT)and 100℃.With the increase of Ca content,the morphology of primary Mg2Si in Mg-Si-Ca alloy is transformed from dendrite to regular polyhedron.The average size of primary Mg2Si is decreased firstly and then increased,and the CTE of Mg-Si-Ca alloy is increased and then decreased gradually.
关键词:Mg-Si Alloy;Coefficient of Thermal Expansion;Ca Modification;Microstructure
摘要:The effects of refining time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 alloy were investigated by using the vacuum negative pressure density instrument,OM,XRD,SEM,EDS and mechanical properties test.The results show that the melt density equivalent is decreased from 11.4% to 1.6%firstly and then increased to 3.4% with the increase of refining time.The as-cast microstructure of A356 alloy is mainly composed of primaryα-Al matrix,eutectic Si phase and Mg2Si phase,and the eutectic Si phase is distributed along the grain boundary.The Si phase morphology is changed from irregular plate to spherical,together with the fracture mechanism transformed from intergranular to dimple after T5 heat treatment,meanwhile the Si phase length is reduced from 184μm to 28μm.The internal defect is changed from shrinkage cavity to micro-porosity with the increase of refining time and decrease of thickness.Under the same refining time,the mechanical properties is decreased continuously with the increase of thickness,whereas the mechanical properties are improved firstly and then decreased with the increase of refining time at the same thickness state.The average tensile strength,yield strength,elongation and section shrinkage of the as-cast and T5 states in 12 mm thickness condition are 206.3 MPa,106.0 MPa,6.8%,11.2%and 281.3 MPa,231.6 MPa,10.8%,18.9%,respectively.The Si phase particle nearby the grain boundary is about 8μm.