Design of low-pressure casting red copper crystallizer was conducted

focusing on sand core and gating system. Upper-core head length was increased

and sand core was set on the upper mold to be perpendicular to the core head

where core head height is 25 mm and 40 mm and oblique angle is 4° and 6°

respectively. Bottom-pouring shunt design was considered in gating system

which was beneficial for the smooth filling of liquid metal and the implementation of sequential solidification. Four round ingates with 23.6 mm in diameters were adopted.