最新刊期

    44 4 2024

      Current Recommendation

    • 一项关于Mg-2Y-0.5Zn-0.5Ni合金显微组织和力学性能的研究取得了新进展。该研究采用复合加工技术,即挤压和轧制,对MYZN合金进行处理。研究结果显示,经过挤压后的MYZN合金组织主要由α-Mg、片状和块状的18R-LPSO相、细条纹状的14H-LPSO相以及Mg2Y和Mg24Y5颗粒相组成。而在350℃下轧制后,合金发生了不均匀的塑性变形,形成了大量含有高位错密度的未再结晶区,再结晶晶粒和颗粒相得到显著细化,晶粒尺寸略微增加,LPSO相增多且弥散分布,同时形成了较强的基面织构。拉伸测试结果表明,经过挤压+轧制处理的MYZN合金展现出优异的室温力学性能。具体而言,其屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别达到了372 MPa、409 MPa和8.4%。与未经轧制的挤压合金相比,屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提升了10.7%和4.1%。这一性能提升主要归因于大量小角度晶界的晶界强化、LPSO相的析出和扭折强化以及织构强化。这一研究成果对于提高Mg-2Y-0.5Zn-0.5Ni合金的力学性能具有重要意义,有望为轻质高强镁合金的研发和应用提供新的思路和方法。
      Bi Guangli,Xu Haobin,Jiang Jing,Li Yuandong,Jiang Chunhong,Zhao Libin,Chen Tijun
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 433-440(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.001
      摘要:Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-2Y-0.5Zn-0.5Ni (molar fraction,%,MYZN) alloy prepared by combined machining (extrusion+rolling) were investigated. The results indicate that microstructure of extruded MYZN alloy is mainly composed of α-Mg, lamellar and blocky 18R-LPSO phase, fine strip-like 14H-LPSO phase, and granular Mg2Y and Mg24Y5 phases. After hot rolling at 350 oC, heterogeneous plastic deformation occurs in the alloy, resulting in large amounts of recrystallization regions with high dislocation density. The recrystallization grains and particle phases are significantly refined, and the average grain size is slightly increased. The volume fraction of LPSO phase is increased with dispersed distribution, and the strong basal texture are formed simultaneously. The tensile test results reveal that the extruded alloy after rolling exhibits the desirable mechanical properties at room temperature, where the yield strength (σ0.2), tensile strength (σb) and elongation (δ) reach 372 MPa, 409 MPa and 8.4%, respectively. Compared with the extruded alloy, σ0.2 and σb are increased by 10.7% and 4.1%, respectively. The enhancement of mechanical properties is mainly attributed to the grain boundary strengthening of a large number of small angle boundaries, LPSO phase precipitation, twist strengthening, and texture strengthening.  
      关键词:Extruded/rolled Mg-Y-Zn-Ni Alloy;Microstructure;LPSO Phase;Mechanical Properties   
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      发布时间:2024-04-25

      Experimental Invsetigation

    • 一项关于水热封孔处理对半固态成形Al-2Si合金表面阳极氧化层耐蚀性能的研究取得了新进展。该研究发现,经过水热封孔处理的试样表面阳极氧化膜出现了大量裂纹,主要集中在共晶区的氧化膜区域,导致试样的耐蚀性能大幅下降。此外,蚀坑数量也明显增多,主要位于共晶组织部位,并在蚀坑中观察到了富Fe金属间化合物。这一发现揭示了引起蚀坑的主要因素仍为Al-Si基体中的富Fe金属间化合物。这一研究成果不仅为优化水热封孔处理工艺提供了重要参考,也为提高Al-2Si合金的耐蚀性能提供了新的思路。
      Zhu Baiwei,Zhuang Bailiang,Zhou Shiding,Zhu Tianyu,An Rongrong,Fu Zhengzhi,Liu Erliang
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 441-446(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.002
      摘要:The influence of hydrothermal sealing (HTS) treatment on the corrosion resistance of anodized Al-2Si alloy by semi-solid casting was investigated. The results reveal that large amounts of cracks are generated in the anodized layer after HTS treatment, which are mainly aggregated in the oxide film of eutectic region, resulting in poor corrosion resistance. Corrosion pit analysis indicates that the anodized surface shows a severe corrosion, and amounts of pits are significantly higher than that of specimens without HTS, which are mainly located in the eutectic region. Fe-rich intermetallic particles are observed in the corrosion pits, indicating that the formation of corrosion pits is induced by Fe-rich intermetallic particles in Al-Si matrix.  
      关键词:Semi-solid Casting;Al-2Si Alloy;Anodizing;Corrosion Resistance   
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    • 压铸AlSi10MnMg合金的组织特征和断裂行为成为研究热点。研究指出,粗大的压室预结晶组织在合金断裂过程中起到关键作用。为解决这一问题,研究者通过微合金化的方法细化了ESCs-αI组织并优化了ESCs-IMCI组织,成功开发出新型免热处理THAS-1压铸合金。这一创新不仅为压铸合金的性能提升提供了新途径,还在减震塔零部件的试制中展现了广阔的应用前景。这一研究成果为压铸合金领域的发展注入了新的活力,为相关产业的升级换代提供了有力支持。
      Jiao Xiangyi,Zhang Wei,Wang Pengyue,Liu Yixian,Shi Lijun,Wang Chenggang,Tong Guodong,Xiong Shoumei
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 447-450(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.003
      摘要:Based on die casting AlSi10MnMg alloy, the microstructure and fracture behavior of the externally solidified crystals (ESCs-αI and ESCs-IMCI) were focused on. The results indicate that coarse ESCs play an important role in the fracture process of die casting AlSi10MnMg alloy. On this basis, ESCs-αI is refined and ESCs-IMCI is optimized by microalloying, and a novel heat treatment free THAS-1 die casting alloy is developed to realize trial production for shock tower components.  
      关键词:High Pressure Die Casting;AlSi10MnMg;Heat Treatment-Free Alloy   
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      发布时间:2024-04-25

      Research·Review

    • 连铸钢坯的凝固缺陷问题引起了广泛关注。宏观偏析作为其中一项难以避免的问题,对钢铁产品的力学性能和使用寿命产生了重大影响。然而,随着科技的不断进步,铸坯宏观偏析的控制已取得显著进展,多项技术已在实际生产中得以应用。研究团队从试验研究和数值模拟两方面总结了国内外采用电磁搅拌技术解决铸坯宏观偏析的研究现状。他们对比了两种研究方法的优劣,深入探讨了电磁搅拌对铸坯偏析的影响因素。这些研究成果为后续采用电磁搅拌技术解决铸坯偏析问题提供了宝贵的参考。这项研究不仅推动了钢铁行业的技术进步,还为相关领域的研究和应用提供了新的思路。未来,随着科技的不断创新,相信铸坯宏观偏析问题将得到更好的解决,为钢铁产业的可持续发展奠定坚实基础。
      Wei Yafang,Deng Anyuan,Wang Engang
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 451-456(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.004
      摘要:Macro-segregation is a common defect that occurs during the solidification of continuous cast steel. Severe macro-segregation has great influence on mechanical properties and service life of steel. Significant progress has been reviewed in controlling billet macro-segregation, and many techniques have been successfully implemented in the production process. The status of adopting electromagnetic stirring technology to solve billet macro-segregation at home and abroad was described from aspects of experimental research and numerical simulation, and the characteristics were compared. Furthermore, factors of electromagnetic stirring affecting billet macro-segregation was summarized, providing guidance for future applications of electromagnetic stirring to solve billet macro-segregation.  
      关键词:Electromagnetic Stirring;Continuous Casting Billet;Macro-segregation   
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    • 科技新闻播报:Mg-Li合金,一种低密度、高比强度和比刚度、良好成形性的优异材料,在航空航天、电子通讯等领域具有广阔应用前景。然而,当Li含量超过10.3%时,虽然Mg-Li合金展现出单相体心立方(BCC)结构,成为目前最轻的低密度金属结构材料之一,但其强度低的问题限制了其在工程领域的应用。针对这一问题,国内外研究者对BCC结构Mg-Li合金的强化方法和强化机理进行了深入研究。研究表明,纳米析出相强化是其中一种有效的方法,但也带来了合金成形性低的新问题。目前,解决这一难题仍是科研人员面临的主要挑战。回顾研究历程,专家们已取得了显著的成果,为Mg-Li合金的强化研究开辟了新方向,为其在工程领域的应用奠定了基础。未来,随着科研工作的深入,我们有理由相信,Mg-Li合金将在更多领域展现出其独特的优势和应用价值。
      Chen Xiaoliang,Yang Bo,Gu Yicheng,Sun Yuehua,Ren Jian,Song Guangsheng,Wang Jiaqing,Chen Jianxian
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 457-464(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.005
      摘要:Mg-Li alloy has a broad application prospect in aerospace, thin labtop and other fields due to its excellent properties such as low density, high specific strength and stiffness, good formability. With Li addition over 10.3%, the Mg-Li alloy becomes a single-phase body-centered cubic (BCC) structure, which is the lightest low-density material. However, due to the high content of Li, the strength is very low, which limits application in the engineering field. The research progress in strengthening methods and mechanisms of BCC structured Mg-Li alloy at home and abroad was reviewed, and the low formability of nano-precipitated phase after strengthening were emphatically described. Finally, the existing problems were pointed out and the future development direction was prospected.  
      关键词:Mg-Li Alloy;Ultra-light Materials;Alloying;Deformation Strengthening;Compound Strengthening   
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    • 镍基复合材料,凭借其出色的力学性能、热稳定性和耐腐蚀性,在极端工作环境中有着广泛的应用前景。然而,其硬度、强度以及抗蠕变性能的局限性,限制了其进一步的应用拓展。针对这一问题,科研人员通过添加硬质陶瓷颗粒,显著提升了镍基复合材料的性能。一项关于陶瓷颗粒增强镍基复合材料的综述研究揭示了不同增强颗粒对复合材料力学性能的影响,并展望了其未来广阔的发展前景。这一研究为提升镍基复合材料的综合性能,拓宽其应用领域提供了重要的理论支撑和实践指导。
      Yang Dan,Zhou Yucheng,Xu Liujie,Li Xiuqing
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 465-470(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.006
      摘要:Nickel matrix composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability and corrosion resistance, while limited hardness, strength and creep resistance in harsh service conditions restrict the further application. Considering that addition of ceramic particles can significantly improve the performance of nickel matrix composites, the latest research progress in different ceramic particle reinforced nickel matrix composites was reviewed. Effects of various reinforced particles on mechanical properties of the composites were investigated, and development prospects were forecast.  
      关键词:Particle Reinforcement;Nickel Matrix Composites;Mechanical Properties   
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      Research·Computer Application

    • 一项关于Cu-7Ni-7Al-4Fe-2Mn合金电液舷侧阀铸造工艺的研究取得了重要突破。针对该合金在铸造过程中易产生缩松、缩孔缺陷的问题,研究团队运用ProCAST软件对铸造过程进行了模拟分析,成功预测了缺陷产生的区域和体积。在此基础上,研究团队提出了增大冒口尺寸和增设冷铁的优化方案,并通过试验验证了其有效性。这一研究不仅解决了电液舷侧阀铸造过程中的技术难题,还为相关领域的工艺改进和质量控制提供了有力支持。
      Yu Bo,Zhang Xuebin,Yang Ran,Zhou Yanjun,Yu Yan,Chen Jidong
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 471-476(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.007
      摘要:Aiming at shrinkage porosity and cavities in Cu-7Ni-7Al-4Fe-2Mn alloy electrohydraulic side valve during the casting process, the casting process of electrohydraulic side valve was simulated based on the ProCAST finite element software to predict the area and volume of casting defects such as shrinkage porosity and cavities. The results indicate that majority of defects locate at the flange, where the volume of defects is 195.33 cm3. According to the simulation results, the optimization scheme of increasing riser size and adding cold iron was put forward, and the volume of shrinkage porosity and cavities in the valve is significantly reduced by over 97.5%. The optimized electrohydraulic side valve process was tested and verified, and castings with high quality were obtained, verifying the rationality of optimization scheme.  
      关键词:Cu-7Ni-7Al-4Fe-2Mn Alloy;Electrohydraulic Side Valve;Shrinkage;Process Optimization   
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    • 针对夹渣图像检测领域的研究取得了显著进展。研究人员提出了一种基于YOLOv5模型的夹渣目标检测算法,该算法能够有效减少图像获取过程中的角度、光源等不确定因素对测试结果的影响,从而提高检测精度。通过利用Mosaic数据增强、自适应锚框计算、自适应图像缩放等技术,并结合Focus和CSP结构,研究人员设计出了一种优化的算法,能够自动识别夹渣图像并计算夹渣率。实验结果表明,与传统的人工采集照片计算夹渣率的方法相比,改进后的YOLOv5s模型将检测精度从83%提高至97%,为夹渣图像检测领域的研究提供了新的解决方案,有望为相关领域的实际应用提供有力支持。
      Bai Rui,Hu Yong,Jin Zefa,Liu Hongquan,Yan Zhijie
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 477-483(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.008
      摘要:An optimized target detection algorithm based on YOLOv5 model was proposed according to characteristics of existing slag inclusion images to reduce the negative feedback effects caused by uncertain factors such as angle and light source, improving the accuracy. According to Mosaic data enhancement, adaptive anchor frame calculation, adaptive image scaling and other technologies, an algorithm for automatic recognition of slag inclusion images and automatic calculation of slag inclusion rate was designed combined with Focus and CSP structures. The results indicate that the improved YOLOv5s model can effectively enhance the target detection accuracy of sectional slag inclusion images from 83% to 97%, compared with the manually collecting method to calculate slag inclusion rate level.  
      关键词:Melt Quality Inspection;Slag Inclusion;YOLOv5;Target Detection   
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    • 针对大尺寸铝合金轮毂低压铸造中心浇工艺存在的轮辐处晶粒粗大和缩松等问题,科学家们提出了一种创新的双边浇工艺。他们运用ProCAST软件,对双边浇空冷工艺下的充型和凝固过程进行了详尽的有限元模拟。在模拟结果的指导下,研究者们进一步引入了水冷工艺,有效降低了双边浇工艺的缺陷。实验验证显示,在恰当的水冷条件下,双边浇工艺不仅能够消除轮辐处的缺陷,还能显著提升其力学性能。这一研究成果,为铝合金轮毂制造领域提供了新的工艺方案,有望推动该领域的技术进步和产业升级。
      Zhou Zhen,Lu Dehong,He Yuhang,Li Xiangming,Lu Donghui,Li Zhenming,Liu Jiangao
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 484-489(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.009
      摘要:In order to solve the problems of coarse grain and loose shrinkage at the spokes in the center casting process of large-size aluminum alloy wheel casting, a two-sided pouring process was proposed, and ProCAST software was used to conduct finite element simulation of the filling and solidification process under the two-sided casting air cooling process. Based on the simulated results, the defects of the two-sided pouring process were reduced by the water-cooling process, and the results were verified. The results show that the two-sided pouring process can eliminate the defects at the spoke and improve the mechanical properties under suitable water cooling conditions.  
      关键词:Low Pressure Casting;Aluminum Alloy Wheel;Process Optimization   
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      Research·Additive Manufacture

    • 激光选区熔化(SLM)技术在金属粉末3D打印领域具有广泛应用,但激光功率对熔池尺寸及熔道形貌的影响一直是研究热点。研究团队采用离散元与流体体积相结合的方法,对IN718粉末的SLM过程进行了深入研究。他们发现,随着激光功率的增大,熔池尺寸逐渐增大,熔池连续性和尺寸均匀性增强。在特定工艺参数下(P=200 W,v=1.5 m/s),可获得最佳熔道形貌。同时,研究揭示了熔池演化和熔道形貌形成的机理,是由温度梯度引起的表面张力梯度与蒸气反冲压力共同驱动的。此外,他们还发现优化层间旋转角(θ=67°)可以降低熔道两端孔缺陷出现的概率。这一研究成果不仅为金属粉末3D打印技术的优化提供了理论支持,也为该领域的发展开辟了新方向。
      Xie Wenhao,Li Jun,Zhou Jianxin,Ji Xiaoyuan,Yin Yajun,Zhang Shuaifeng,Duan Wei,Duan Xianyin,Dang Lixiang
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 490-494(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.010
      摘要:Utilizing a combined discrete element method (DEM) and volume of fluid (VOF) approach, effects of laser power on the melt pool size and formation mechanisms of evolution and morphology of IN718 during selective laser melting (SLM) were investigated through numerical simulation and experimental validation. The results reveal that with an increase in laser power, the melt pool size is gradually enlarged and the continuity and size uniformity of the melt pool is improved. Optimal melt track morphology is achieved at specific process parameters (P=200 W, v=1.5 m/s). The surface tension gradient induced by the temperature gradient, coupled with the vapor recoil pressure, jointly drive the evolution of the melt pool and the formation of the melt track. Optimizing the interlayer rotation angle (θ=67°) can reduce the probability of pore defects at the ends of the melt tracks.  
      关键词:Selective Laser Melting;IN718 Alloy;Melt Pool Evolution;Numerical Simulation   
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      Research·Composites

    • 一项关于镁合金复合材料的研究取得了重要突破。研究团队以AZ91D镁合金为基础,结合10微米和10纳米两种尺寸的SiC颗粒,通过半固态机械搅拌法制备出单、双尺寸SiC颗粒增强的镁基复合材料。实验结果显示,当SiCp体积分数为2%时,10纳米SiCp/AZ91D复合材料的抗拉强度提升了34.7%,达到198 MPa;屈服强度提升了46.7%,达到113 MPa;同时伸长率也达到6.4%。这一显著提升主要归功于纳米SiC颗粒的晶粒细化作用。断裂机制分析表明,复合材料的裂纹主要沿微米SiCp-AZ91D的界面扩展。这项研究为提升镁合金复合材料的力学性能提供了新的途径,为材料科学领域的研究开辟了新的方向。
      Ma Zhenxing,You Zhiyong,Jiang Aoxue,Yu Jie,Wang Bin
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 495-499(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.011
      摘要:Taking AZ91D magnesium alloy as matrix and SiC particles with an average particle size of 10 μm and 10 nm as reinforcing phases, single- and double-size SiC particle-reinforced magnesium matrix composites were prepared by semi-solid state mechanical stirring method. The results reveal that the 2% SiCp/AZ91D composites with particle size of 10 nm achieve a tensile strength of 198 MPa and yield strength of 113 MPa, which is increased by 34.7% and 46.7%,respectively, and elongation reaches 6.4%, which is mainly attributed to the grain refinement effect of nano SiC particles. The fracture mechanism indicates that the cracks in the SiCp/AZ91D composite mainly propagate along the interface of micron SiCp-AZ91D.  
      关键词:SiCp;AZ91D Magnesium Alloy;Microstructure;Mechanical Properties;Fracture Mechanism   
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    • 科学家们探索了添加不同含量Ce2O3对WC基硬质合金组织和力学性能的影响,取得了令人瞩目的成果。他们采用无压熔渗法制备了WC基硬质合金,并发现WC在试验温度下发生了不同程度的分解或溶解,同时熔渗过程中有新相生成,如C、W2C和Ni2W4C。研究表明,微观组织中板条状形貌的WC有利于提高硬度和抗弯强度,而适量Ni2W4C相则有助于提高冲击韧度。在Ce2O3含量为0.6%时,合金硬度(HRA)和抗弯强度达到了最高值,分别为93.5和1844.7 MPa;而在Ce2O3含量为1.0%时,冲击韧度达到最高,为6.45 J/cm2。这一研究为硬质合金材料的优化设计和性能提升提供了新的思路和方法,具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。
      Zhang Xudong,Li Xiulan,Zhou Xinjun,Jiang Xiao,Chen Yao
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 500-506(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.012
      摘要:Taking different types of WC powders (cast WC, spherical WC, and fine-grained WC) and nickel powder as skeleton, and CuNi alloy as bonding metal, WC-based cemented carbide was fabricated by non-pressure fusion method at 1 200 ℃ for 1 h. Effects of different amounts of Ce2O3 (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0%) on microstructure and mechanical properties of WC-based cemented carbide were investigated. The results indicate that WC is decomposed or dissolved to varying degrees at experimental temperatures. Simultaneously, new phases, such as C, W2C, and Ni2W4C, are generated during fusion process. The plate-shaped WC in the microstructure is conducive to enhancing hardness and bending strength, while the presence of Ni2W4C is helpful to enhance impact toughness. Hardness and bending strength reach the maximum values of 93.5 HRA and 1 844.7 MPa, respectively, when Ce2O3 content is 0.6%, and the highest impact toughness of 6.45 J/cm2 can be obtained at a Ce2O3 content of 1.0%.  
      关键词:WC;Cemented Carbide;Ce2O3;Microstructure;Mechanical Property   
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    • 一项关于铜基摩擦材料的研究取得了重要进展。研究团队采用粉末冶金技术,成功制备了含有不同Ni含量的铜基摩擦材料,并深入探讨了Ni对铜基材料摩擦性能的影响。通过MM-3000型摩擦磨损试验机的测试,研究人员发现,适量添加Ni可以显著提高材料的硬度和强度,细化组织晶粒。这不仅降低了摩擦材料的磨损量,还增大了摩擦因数,特别是在Ni含量为2%时,摩擦因数达到了0.444。更值得一提的是,在高速摩擦过程中,Ni能够在材料表面形成一层致密且均匀的氧化膜,从而增强了材料在摩擦过程中的稳定性。这一研究成果为摩擦材料领域的发展提供了新的解决方案,并为未来高性能摩擦材料的研发奠定了坚实基础。
      Liu Jianxiu,Ni Jiong,Fan Jianglei,Wang Mingxin,Zhang Pengcheng,Zhou Tianchang
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 507-510(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.013
      摘要:The influence of nickel on tribological properties of copper-based friction materials with various Ni additions fabricated by powder metallurgy technology was investigated. The friction and wear experiments were carried out on the MM-3000 friction and wear testing machine, and variation of friction materials with different nickel contents with braking speed were explored. The results indicate that nickel can enhance the hardness and strength of the material and refine the grain. Moreover, the wear loss is reduced and the friction coefficient is increased after nickel addition, which reaches 0.444 with the nickel content of 2%. During the process of high-speed friction, nickel forms a dense and uniform oxide film on the surface of the material, improving the stability during friction.  
      关键词:Nickel;Powder Metallurgy;Friction Material;Hardness;Friction Coefficient   
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    • 一项研究通过热压轧制复合法制备了组织致密、抗冲击性能卓越的Ti/Al3Ti叠层复合材料。研究人员不仅详细观察并分析了金属间化合物Al3Ti层中孔洞、裂纹等缺陷的形态与成因,还结合有限元技术深入探讨了这些缺陷对复合材料抗侵彻性能的影响。研究发现,这些缺陷会显著降低复合材料的刚度和强度,进而影响其抗侵彻能力。这一成果不仅为提升Ti/Al3Ti层状复合材料的抗冲击性能提供了理论支持,还为金属间化合物复合材料的制备和应用领域提供了新的视角和解决方案。
      Wu Jia’nan,Zhang Huang,Liang Zhuangli,Wang Jintao,Yuan Meini,Li Yaoming
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 511-515(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.014
      摘要:Ti/Al3Ti laminated composites with compact structure and excellent impact resistance were fabricated based on hot pressing rolling composite method, and the morphology as well as formation mechanism of defects including pores and cracks in the intermetallic compound Al3Ti layer were observed and analyzed. Combined with finite element techniques, effects of defects on penetration resistance of composites were thoroughly investigated. The process of projectile penetrating composites was analyzed, and energy variation mechanism of each layer in composites during projectile impact process was revealed. The results indicate that defects can decline the stiffness and strength of Ti/Al3Ti laminated composites, thereby reducing penetration resistance.  
      关键词:Hot Pressing Rolling;Pore;Crack;Penetration Resistance   
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      Research·Alloy Process

    • 一项关于铝合金流变压铸成形的研究取得了重要进展。研究团队采用石墨质蛇形通道浇注复合流变压铸工艺,成功实现了半固态改性6061铝合金的流变压铸成形。通过对比分析传统液态压铸和流变压铸的改性6061铝合金试样显微组织,发现流变压铸试样中的初生α-Al晶粒明显细化和球化,由粗大的枝晶演变为细小的球状晶或近球状晶。同时,研究还探讨了Si含量对半固态改性6061铝合金流变压铸试样组织及力学性能的影响,结果表明增加Si含量可以有效细化试样组织中的初生α-Al晶粒,并提升流变压铸试样的力学性能。这一研究成果不仅为铝合金流变压铸成形提供了新的工艺方法和思路,也为铝合金材料性能的优化和提升提供了重要支持。
      Zhang Rongsheng,Mao Weimin,Li Naiyong
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 516-520(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.015
      摘要:The rheological high pressure die casting process (Rheo-HPDC) samples of semi-solid modified 6061 aluminum alloy were prepared by graphite serpentine channel pouring process (SCP) and Rheo-HPDC. The microstructure of 6061 aluminum alloy formed by traditional die casting and rheo-diecasting was analyzed comparatively. The effects of Si content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Rheo-HPDC samples of semi-solid modified 6061 aluminum alloys were investigated. The results indicate that compared with the traditional die casting, the microstructure of primary α-Al grains in the Rheo-HPDC samples of semi-solid modified 6061 aluminum alloys are significantly improved and refined, which is evolved from coarse dendrites to fine spherical or subspherical crystals. The primary α-Al grains can be effectively refined and the mechanical properties can be improved with increasing in the Si content. When Si content is increased from 0.6% to 2.6%, the average grain diameter of primary α-Al grains is decreased approximately from 58 μm to 31 μm, the tensile strength is increased from (107±4) MPa to (209±14) MPa, and elongation is increased from 2.2%±0.3% to 5.5%±0.5%.  
      关键词:6061 Aluminum Alloy;Semi-solid rheo-diecasting;Microstructure;Mechanical Properties   
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    • 研究团队采用新型多层电磁搅拌法对半固态Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金进行了深入研究。他们系统探讨了搅拌方式、浇注温度、搅拌速率和搅拌时间对合金性能的影响及机理。研究结果显示,多层反向搅拌法为最佳搅拌方式,优化工艺参数为:浇注温度640℃、搅拌速率3000r/min、搅拌时间30s。在此条件下,合金能够获得具有良好晶粒尺寸和形貌的半固态浆料组织。多层反向电磁搅拌不仅增强了合金熔体的流动性,还提高了温度场和溶质场的均匀性,使得合金熔体紊乱程度增加,进一步改善了初生相的尺寸和形貌。此项研究为半固态Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金的优化制备工艺提供了新方向,对合金材料的性能提升和应用拓展具有重要意义。
      Li Yuanhao,Wang Liandeng,Niu Yuanbo,Wu Jinxi,Chen Ming,Zhao Hongquan
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 521-526(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.016
      摘要:Through a new multi-layer electromagnetic stirring method, effects of stirring methods, casting temperature, stirring rate, and stirring time on properties of semi-solid Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy as well as the mechanism were investigated. The results reveal that multi-layer reverse stirring method is optimal, and the optimal process parameters are casting temperature of 640 °C, stirring rate of 3 000 r/min, and stirring time of 30 s, where semi-solid slurry structure with well grain size and morphology can be obtained.The flow quantity of alloy melt is increased, and the uniformity of temperature field and solute field are improved by adopting multi-layer reverse electromagnetic stirring, enhancing the disorder level of alloy melt, and improving the size and morphology of primary phases.  
      关键词:Multi-layer Electromagnetic Stirring Method;Semi-solid;Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy   
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    • 一项关于Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化效果的研究取得了重要进展。研究发现,作为Al-5Ti-1B中起细化作用的主要物相,TiB2的尺寸分布对晶粒细化效果具有重要影响。为了克服传统氟盐法原位生成TiB2时尺寸分布难以控制的问题,研究人员采用了外加TiB2的方式,实现了TiB2尺寸可控的Al-5Ti-1B制备。通过细化试验和模型计算相结合的方式,研究团队深入探讨了TiB2尺寸分布对Al-5Ti-1B在纯铝上细化效果的影响。结果表明,在特定条件下,采用中值粒径较小的TiB2制备的Al-5Ti-1B在纯铝上的细化效果更为显著,相比传统方法,细化效果提升了近一半。这一发现为Al-5Ti-1B晶粒细化效果的进一步提升提供了新的途径。未来,通过进一步优化TiB2尺寸分布,有望为铝加工行业带来更高效、更精细的晶粒细化解决方案,推动相关领域的科技进步。
      Cheng Ying,Hong Tao,Yi Hao,Zhang Xinze,Du Ming,Zhang Huarui,Zhang Hu
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 527-531(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.017
      摘要:As the main phase contributing to grain refinement in Al-5Ti-1B, the size distribution of TiB2 plays a vital role in determining the grain refining effect. The problems of broad size distribution interval and difficulty to control and adjust particle size distribution existed in the conventional Fluoride method were overcomed by adding ex-situ TiB2 to prepare Al-5Ti-1B with controllable TiB2 size, and the influence of TiB2 particle size distribution on grain refining effect of Al-5Ti-1B on pure Al was investigated by combining refining experiment and model calculation. The results indicate that under the conditions of 0.2% TiB2 addition and a cooling rate of 1.5 ℃/s, the grain refining effects of Al-5Ti-1B prepared by adding TiB2 with a median particle size of 2.5 μm and 1.4 μm reach 149.2 μm and 137.0 μm, which are reduced by 46% and 50% compared with that obtained from Al-5Ti-1B prepared through conventional fluoride method, respectively. It is beneficial for further improving the grain refining effect of Al-5Ti-1B to adjust the size distribution of TiB2 towards a finer and more concentrated direction.  
      关键词:Grain Refiner;Al-5Ti-1B;TiB2 Size Distribution;Grain Refining;Prediction Model   
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    • 一项关于Al-Cu合金铸造性能改进的研究取得了重要进展。研究团队深入探讨了Cu、Mg、Ag元素对Al-Cu-Mn合金铸造性能的影响,以期提升Al-Cu合金在复杂铸件中的应用潜力。研究结果显示,在Al-Cu-Mn合金中,随着Cu含量从5.5%提升至6.5%,合金的流动性得到显著改善,试样长度从598mm增加至918mm,热裂倾向也明显降低,热裂环宽度从20mm降至15mm以下。这表明适当提高Cu含量能有效提高合金的铸造性能。此外,研究还发现单独添加Ag元素能提升合金的流动性,但对热裂倾向的影响并不显著。而同时添加Mg、Ag元素时,虽然形成的低熔点S-Al2CuMg相能进一步提升合金液的流动性,但可能会降低其抗热裂性能。这一发现为进一步优化Al-Cu合金的铸造性能提供了有益的参考。这一研究成果为改善Al-Cu合金的铸造性能提供了新的解决方案,有望推动其在复杂铸件领域的更广泛应用。
      Wu Liangyu,Chen Dahui,Fu Yu,Zhang Jiang,Hong Xiaolu,Zhu Xiurong
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 532-535(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.018
      摘要:Al-Cu alloy exhibits desirable mechanical properties and fracture toughness. However, poor casting properties limit the application in complex castings. Effects of Cu, Mg and Ag elements on casting properties of Al-Cu-Mn alloys were investigated to improve the casting capacity of Al-Cu alloy. The results indicate that when the Cu content is increased from 5.5% to 6.5%, the flow sample length of the alloy is increased from 598 mm to 918 mm with reduction of hot cracking tendency, and the hot crack ring width is decreased significantly from 20 mm to less than 15 mm. Single Ag addition can improve the fluidity of the alloy, which has little effect on hot cracking tendency. When Mg and Ag are compound added, the low melting point S-(Al2CuMg) phase is formed, enhancing the fluidity of alloy melt and reducing the resistance to hot cracking.  
      关键词:Al-Cu Alloy;Hot Cracking;Fluidity;Mg;Ag   
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    • 一项关于激光熔覆工艺在材料科学领域的研究取得了重要进展。研究团队成功地在Q235钢表面制备了最大熔覆厚度为1mm的Fe-Cr-Mo-C-B-Si非晶涂层,并深入探讨了激光熔覆工艺参数对熔覆层性能的影响。研究结果表明,熔覆层中的非晶相含量与激光能量密度密切相关,并且与熔覆层的性能呈正相关。随着激光能量密度的增加,熔覆层的非晶相含量、显微硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性均呈现出先增加后减小的趋势。当能量密度达到125.00 J/mm2时,所制备的熔覆层展现出最佳的耐磨和耐蚀性能。这一性能的提升主要得益于细晶强化和非晶强化的共同作用。这一研究成果不仅为提升材料的耐磨和耐蚀性能提供了新的途径,也为激光熔覆工艺在材料制备领域的应用拓宽了思路。通过优化激光熔覆工艺参数,有望制备出性能更加优越的非晶涂层,为工业生产和科技进步做出积极贡献。
      Dong Pengfei,Wu Baolei,Yu Weiyuan
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 536-540(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.019
      摘要:Fe-Cr-Mo-C-B-Si amorphous coating with a maximum thickness of 1 mm was prepared on Q235 steel by coaxial powder feeding laser cladding. The influence of laser cladding parameters on amorphous forming ability, microstructure, microhardness, wear and corrosion resistance of cladding layers was investigated. The results reveal that the amorphous phase content in the cladding layer is closely related to the laser energy density, and positively correlated with the performance of the cladding layer. With the increase of laser energy density, the amorphous phase content, microhardness, wear and corrosion resistance of the cladding layer all present a trend of increase firstly and then decrease. The cladding layer prepared at 125.00 J/mm2 exhibits desirable wear and corrosion resistance, which is mainly attributed to fine grain strengthening and amorphous strengthening.  
      关键词:Laser Cladding;Laser Energy Density;Microhardness;Wear Resistance;Corrosion Resistance   
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    • 高温合金因其卓越的铸造性能和力学性能,成为发动机涡轮叶片和复杂热端部件的理想选择。近期研究关注抽拉速率对热控凝固工艺制备的等轴晶合金热处理组织及高温高压下持久性能的影响。随着抽拉速率增加,合金显微缩松增多,晶粒尺寸和γ/γ′共晶减小,促进了γ′相的析出与长大。在1050℃和120MPa条件下,持久断裂寿命随抽拉速率增加而显著降低。分析显示,晶粒细化、γ′相筏排化程度增加、缩松导致微裂纹快速萌生,以及碎化碳化物对裂纹扩展的阻碍作用减弱,共同导致合金持久性能下降。这一发现为高温合金的制造和应用提供了重要参考。
      Cao Guoqiang,Shen Yuqiao,Li Gang,Peng Wenya
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 541-545(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.020
      摘要:Superalloy is widely used in the manufacture of engine turbine blades and thermal end parts of complex structures due to the excellent casting properties and comprehensive mechanical properties. Effects of withdrawal rate on heat-treated structure and endurance property of a novel equiaxed superalloy by thermally-controlled solidification at 1 050 ℃ and 120 MPa were investigated. The results indicate that the content of shrinkage porosity in the alloy is increased with the increase of withdrawal rate, while the grain size and γ / γ′ eutectic are decreased significantly, promoting the formation and growth of γ′ phase in dendrite stem. The enduring rupture property of alloy is significantly reduced at 1 050 ℃ and 120 MPa with increase of withdrawal rate. Finally, the decrease of enduring rupture property is attributed to refinement of grain size, the increasing degree of γ′ phase rafting, the rapid initiation of microcracks caused by shrinkage porosity and retarding effect reduction of broken carbide on crack extension.  
      关键词:Superalloy;Thermally-controlled Solidification Process;Withdrawal Rate;Heat-treated Microstructure;Endurance Property   
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      Research·Alloy Performance

    • 有关热作模具钢H13表面激光熔覆制备高熵合金涂层的研究取得重要进展。该研究采用Al0.8CoCr0.23FeNixW(x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1)作为涂层材料,并深入探讨了Ni元素对组织结构、热稳定性及耐磨性的影响。研究发现,随着Ni元素的加入,Al0.8CoCr0.23FeNixW高熵合金的组织结构发生了显著变化。Ni的引入促进了μ-Fe7W6相的生成,这不仅增强了涂层的弥散强化效应,还显著提高了涂层的硬度和耐磨性。即便在800℃高温下保温后,这些高熵合金涂层仍表现出卓越的稳定性,其硬度(HV)在保温8小时后仍高于500。这一研究成果为提升热作模具钢的性能和应用领域提供了新思路,具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。未来,相关研究有望进一步推动高熵合金在耐磨、耐高温等极端环境下的应用发展。
      Shan Hualiang,Tao Meiyue,Zhuang Wenchen,Cao Zhiqiang
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 546-550(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.021
      摘要:Taking hot work die steel H13 as substrate, Al0.8CoCr0.23FeNixW (x=0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1) high entropy alloy coating was prepared on the surface of H13 steel by laser cladding, and effects of Ni addition on microstructure, thermal stability, and wear resistance were investigated. The results indicate that the microstructure of Al0.8CoCr0.23FeNixW high entropy alloy is transformed with Ni addition. Ni promotes the formation of μ-Fe7W6 phase, which plays a role of dispersion strengthening, enhancing the hardness and wear resistance of the coating. The stability of the coating is tested after holding at 800 ℃. The results reveal that the Al0.8CoCr0.23FeNixW high entropy alloy coating exhibits desirable hardness and wear resistance, and the hardness remains higher than 500 HV after holding for 8 h.  
      关键词:Hot Working Die Steel;High Temperature Wear;High Entropy Alloy   
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    • 一项关于7075铝合金中Fe含量影响的研究取得重要进展。研究者通过不同的热处理方法,深入探索了Fe含量对7075铝合金显微组织与性能的影响。研究发现,添加Fe元素后,显微组织变得更为复杂,包括α-Al基体相、T相、S相、Al7Cu2Fe、Al3Fe等多种相。尽管热处理过程对富Fe相的影响并不明显,但Fe含量的增加却显著改变了合金的力学和腐蚀性能。当Fe含量增加到0.3%时,合金的抗腐蚀性能急剧下降。然而,当Fe含量低于0.3%时,合金的综合性能并未显著下降。这一发现为优化7075铝合金的性能,特别是在保持强度和抗腐蚀性方面提供了重要指导。
      Yan Yingjie,Wu Mingdong,Xiao Daihong,Huang Lanping,Liu Wensheng
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 551-558(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.022
      摘要:7075 aluminum alloys with different Fe contents were prepared by ingot metallurgy, and subjected to homogenization heat treatment, hot extrusion treatment, and solution aging treatment. Effects of Fe addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of 7075 aluminum alloy were investigated by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, tensile property, and corrosion property tests. The results indicate that the microstructure mainly consists of α-Al matrix phase, T phase, S phase, Al7Cu2Fe, Al3Fe, and other phases after adding Fe, and heat treatment has little impact on Fe-rich phase. As Fe content increases, the tensile strength of alloy is firstly decreased and then increased slightly, reaching about 540 MPa. The elongation is gradually decreased and the corrosion resistance is decreased sharply with Fe content increasing to 0.3%. In summary, with w(Fe) less than 0.3%, the overall performance of the alloy has no significant reduction.  
      关键词:7075 Aluminum Alloy;Fe;Microstructure;Mechanical Properties;Heat Treatment   
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    • 有关Mg-12Gd-4Y-1Zn试验镁合金的研究取得了新进展。研究团队通过探索Zr含量对合金挤压后显微组织和力学性能的影响,发现添加适量的Zr可以显著细化合金晶粒,并提升合金的室温抗拉性能。具体而言,当Zr的含量为0.9%时,合金的晶粒细化效果最佳,同时其抗拉强度和屈服强度也相对较高。而当Zr的含量增至1.2%时,合金的伸长率则相对较高。这一发现为优化Mg-12Gd-4Y-1Zn镁合金的综合力学性能提供了新的路径,有望推动该领域的发展。
      Wei Haobo,Chen Jieyi,Wu Zonggang,Ruan Shihui,Li Yan,Yang Mingbo
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 559-563(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.023
      摘要:Based on the Mg-12Gd-4Y-1Zn test magnesium alloy, the effects of Zr content on microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy after extrusion were investigated. The results indicate that the addition of 0.6%~1.2% Zr in Mg-12Gd-4Y-1Zn magnesium alloy has no obvious effect on the second phase type in the alloy structure, however the grain size in the alloy containing Zr is decreased, and the grain refinement effect of the alloy adding 0.9% Zr presents desirable. In addition, the addition of 0.6%~1.2% Zr can also significantly improve the room temperature tensile properties of the alloy after extrusion. The tensile strength and yield strength of the alloy with 0.9% Zr content after extrusion are relatively high, while the elongation of the alloy with 1.2% Zr content after extrusion is relatively high. In general, the Mg-12Gd-4Y-1Zn alloy with 0.9%Zr addition shows a better comprehensive mechanical properties after extrusion.  
      关键词:Magnesium Alloy;Mg-Gd-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy;Grain Refinement;Tensile Strength   
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      Application·Die Casting

    • 关于汽车发动机链条罩盖铸件结构及开发难点的研究取得了重要进展。研究团队通过深入分析和计算,合理设计了铸件的浇注和排溢系统,采用双向多支浇道实现快速充填,确保了铸件的外观和内部品质。针对吊耳处壁厚大、易产生缩孔的问题,研究人员创新性地采用了嵌铸工艺,利用嵌件消除热节、减小壁厚,有效预防了缩孔的产生。这一成果为提升汽车发动机链条罩盖铸件质量提供了有效解决方案,也为相关领域的技术进步和产业发展奠定了坚实基础。
      Hou Libin,Li Jing,Wang Linlin,Jian Dehai
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 564-567(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.024
      摘要:The casting structure and development difficulties of automobile engine chain cover were introduced. Through process analysis and theoretical calculation, the gating system and overflow system of the casting were reasonably designed, and the two-way multi branch sprue was adopted to realize rapid filling, so as to meet the appearance and internal quality requirements of the casting. For the lifting lug area with the local thick wall and easily formed shrinkage porosities, the embedded casting process was used. By using inserts for die-casting production, local hot spots of the castings are eliminated, and the wall thickness of castings is reduced, preventing shrinkage cavities of castings.  
      关键词:Die Casting Mold;Gating System;Overflow System;Shrinkage Porosities;Embedded Casting   
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    • 在汽车制造领域,采用免热处理铝合金制备车身一体化压铸件已成为研究热点。有专家在60000 kN以上压铸机上进行了相关实验,深入研究了工艺参数对压铸件内部品质和力学性能的影响。研究发现,压铸件末端容易形成不良,导致力学性能差异较大,其中伸长率差异达到55%。为了改善这一问题,专家优化了铸造压力、压射速度等参数,提高了压铸件末端的致密性,进而提升了其力学性能。实验结果显示,经过优化后的车身一体化铝合金压铸件末端抗拉强度可达220 MPa,屈服强度达到110 MPa,伸长率可达8%,满足了整车使用要求。这一研究不仅为汽车轻量化提供了有力支持,也为铝合金压铸技术的发展开辟了新方向。
      Zhao Jisong,Wu Guangjian,Zhang Huijun
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 568-570(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.025
      摘要:The integrated aluminum alloy die-casting of automobile body was prepared using a heat-treatment free aluminum alloy with a die-casting mechanism of over 60 000 kN, and influence of process parameters on internal quality and mechanical properties was investigated. Through X-ray inspection of the internal quality of die-casting parts, it is easy to form defects at the end, affecting the mechanical properties. By comparing the mechanical properties of integrated aluminum alloy die castings at the proximal and distal ends, it is found that there exists a significant difference with an elongation difference of 55% due to the large size and long aluminum liquid process. At the same time, by optimizing the casting pressure, enhancing the injection speed, increasing the high tangent point, and delaying the high shifting point, the aluminum liquid quickly fills the mold cavity after passing through the inner gate, improving the compactness of the end of the die casting and thereby improving the mechanical properties of the end. The mechanical properties of end of the integrated aluminum alloy die-casting parts of the automobile body can reach 220 MPa in tensile strength, 110 MPa in yield strength, and 8% in elongation, which can meet the requirements.  
      关键词:Aluminum Alloy;Integration;Die Casting;Mechanical Properties   
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      Application·Investment Casting

    • 一项关于钛合金熔模铸造型壳材料的研究取得了重要进展。研究团队针对型壳材料的传热系数、密度及比热容进行了精确测量,为型壳焙烧温度场的数值模拟提供了关键参数支撑。在此基础上,研究团队还创新性地将传统凝固降温理论逆向转化,开发出熔模铸造型壳焙烧求解器,并建立了型壳高温焙烧过程的升温模型。这一模型能够实现对型壳焙烧过程升温与降温过程的全面模拟。此外,研究团队还实现了基于铸件几何模型的型壳几何模型自动生成,并以钛合金铸造用复杂薄壁骨架型壳为研究对象,对其焙烧过程的温度变化规律进行了深入的模拟分析。研究结果表明,所建立的型壳焙烧模型能够准确描述型壳焙烧温度的变化规律。这一研究成果在钛合金熔模铸造领域具有重要意义,不仅为型壳焙烧过程的数值模拟提供了参数支撑和理论基础,还为复杂薄壁骨架型壳的制造提供了更加精确的温度控制方法。这一突破性的研究有望推动钛合金熔模铸造技术的进一步发展,为相关领域的应用提供更为可靠和高效的解决方案。
      Jin Yujun,Li Ning,Liao Dunming,Chen Yuhao,Yin Hao,Qie Xiwang
      Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 571-576(2024) DOI: 10.15980/j.tzzz.2024.04.026
      摘要:The thermal conductivity, density and specific heat capacity of shell for titanium alloy investment casting were measured, providing parameter support for numerical simulation of shell baking temperature field. A reverse transformation of traditional solidification cooling theory was carried out to develop a solution for investment casting shell baking, and a heating model for high-temperature baking process of the shell was established to simulate the heating and cooling processes of baking process. Based on geometric modeling of casting, the automatic generation of shell geometric modeling was realized. Taking the complex thin-walled skeleton shell for titanium alloy casting as object, the temperature variation law of baking process was simulated and analyzed. The results indicate that the established shell baking model gives a better description of the variation law of baking temperature.  
      关键词:Titanium Alloy;Investment Casting;Shell Sintering;Temperature Field;Numerical Simulation   
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