摘要:The macroscopic inhomogeneous plastic deformation and fracture behavior of Ni-1C binary alloy were investigated.The type of serrations of Portevin-Le-Chateller effect and distributions of the stress drop magnitude of the Ni-1C alloy were analyzed according to tensile stress-time and displacement-time curves.The nucleation,propagation,temporal and spatial evolution of PLC bands together with fracture process of Ni-1C alloy were investigated by using three-dimensional digital image correlation method.The results reveal that the PLC effect of Ni-1C alloy shows A type of serrations and the power-law function of the statistical distributions of the stress drop magintudes at a strain rate of 3 mm/min.PLC band forms at the grip or gauge positions and propagates continuously.The crack is initiated at the gauge length of the sample and expands gradually,leading to ductile fracture.There is no correlation between the initiation and propagation of the crack and the PLC bands.
摘要:Semi-solid isothermal treatment of magnesium alloys with high Gd content was investigated.The results reveal that temperature and holding time have the obvious effect on the spheroidization of its semi-solid microstructure.With the increase of temperature,the solid particles in the Mg-Gd alloy are increased firstly and then decreased,which is mainly attributed to the growth trend of grain size,increase of liquid phase in grain boundary,interconnection and segmentation of liquid phase inside grains.The spheroidization effect of grain presents desirable increasingly with the increase of temperature and time,and the roundness of the particles is about 1.1.
摘要:The grain structure evolution of the starter block and morphology of the isotherm under different conditions were simulated and experimented as well as the process of grain growth under the inclined isotherm.And the grain selection behavior in spiral block was investigated.The results reveal that the different heights of the starter block present different structural morphology.The starter block mainly optimizes the grain orientation by the competition between grains,and the preferential growth directions of the grains under different isotherms are different.The spiral block mainly selects the grain by the geometric constraint of the spiral channel on the dendrite growth,ensuring that only one grain entering the cavity and growing into a single crystal structure.
摘要:Experiment of AZ91 magnesium alloy was conducted for rare earth alloying design,molten casting,heat treatment and mechanical properties testing.Influence of Ce on grain size and interdendritic compound distribution in as-cast AZ91 magnesium alloy was analyzed.Formation of separated eutectic phase and microstructure evolution as well as properties after plastic deformation were described during solidification process.The experimental results show that trace rare earth(0.2%Ce)can fine the grain size of AZ91 alloy and improve aging hardening peak value of AZ91 extrusion sheet.Aging hardening rate of AZ91 extruded sheet is decreased with 0.5%Ce addition.In the period of overaging,the decrease of hardening-rate of the extrusion plate is slowed by the effect of the Ce,so Ce element has a good inhibitory effect on the over-aging of alloys.
摘要:The changes of microstructure and hardness of ZG95Cr17Ni2 martensitic stainless steel under three different softening treatment,such as conventional annealing,isothermal spheroidizing annealing,high temperature tempering+isothermal spheroidizing annealing,were investigated by means of scanning electron microscope,energy spectrum analysis and Rockwell hardness tester.The results reveal that microstructure of the ZG95Cr17Ni2 martensitic stainless steel at three different softening treatment consists of pearlite+ledeburite+carbides,and the first two substrates are mainly composed of flaky or uneven granular pearlite,and the matrix is composed of homogeneous and fine granular pearlite after high temperature tempering +isothermal spheroidizing annealing.The hardness of ZG95Cr17Ni2 martensitic stainless steel after annealing with conventional annealing and isothermal spheroidization reach 36~46 HRC,and the hardness is reduced to 29 HRC after high temperature tempering+isothermal spheroidizing softening treatment.
摘要:Strengthening mechanisms for magnesium alloys were analyzed in detail.Combined with the strengthening characteristics of gravity casting and hot working processing for magnesium alloy preparation,an effective way to improving the strength of die-cast magnesium alloys was explored.Current research efforts for die-cast magnesium alloy were also reviewed from the aspects of alloy composition development,processing effects on microstructure and mechanical properties,microstructure refinement and age hardening.Finally,the development direction and prospects were described for high strength and toughness die-cast magnesium alloys.
摘要:A finite element model for 2A14 aluminum alloy large semi-continuous casting ingot was established by using ProCAST software.The thermo-physical parameters and mechanical properties of 2A14 aluminum alloy were determined by using thermodynamic database from the ProCAST.The complex boundary conditions of semicontinuous casting process were defined,and the simulation was carried out by adopting the moved boundary method.The simulated results revel that the difference of cooling rate of the ingot is too large,resulting in the large shrinkage stress difference,which are responsible for the generation of hot crack.Through decreasing the casting speed,pouring temperature and cooling strength,meninucus face is narrawed and mushy zone is deepen,reducing the difference of shrinkage stress of ingot,so as to reducing the hot cracking tendency.
摘要:Thermo-Calc was used to predict the microstructure of alloys with different Si contents,and the alloys with different microstructure characteristics were prepared by squeezing casting method.The results show that the microstructure of the alloy is composed ofα-Al matrix and a small amount ofβ-Al3Mg2 phase without Si.After the addition of Si,α-Al+Mg2Si eutectic phase appears.With the increase of Si contents,the contents of eutectic phase is gradually increased and its morphology is transferred from slender bars into massive concave polygon.With the Si contents of 0.1%~1.4%,the microstructure is composed of Al matrix,α+Mg2Si eutectic and a small amount of Al3Mg2 phase.With the Si contents of 1.5%~2.3%,the microstructure consists of Al matrix andα+Mg2Si eutectic.When the Si contents are further increased,the fibrous Si particles appear in the morphology.
摘要:According to the structural characteristics of the ES8B2 upper cover,the feeding system and the overflow system were designed,and the casting process was simulated by Flow-3D software.The simulated results of the initial scheme reveal that the gating system and its adjacent areas have a higher temperature,however the temperature at both ends of the cavity and the overflowing slot was reduced.The volume fraction of entrained air was observed in the two ends of the cavity.The initial scheme was optimized by changing the shape of the horizontal channel and adjusting the position and size of the overflowing slots.The simulated results reveal that the temperature distribution is high in the middle,while the two ends are low,and more volume fraction of entrained air appears at both ends of the cavity,so the scheme was optimized again by increasing the area of the gate and the overflow port,the volume of the overflow slots and the cross-sectional area of the connecting ribs.The simulated results show that the volume fraction of entrained air in the cavity is reduced significantly,and the blowholes are reduced,so the defect is reduced in the casting.The surface of castings is smooth with fewer defects,meeting the requirements of production in actual production.
摘要:The mechanical properties of alumiunu alloy shock towers fabricated by vacuum assisted high pressure die casting were analyzed by tensile testing.Meanwhile,the microstructure were observed by OM,SEM and EDS.The results show that the lower mechanical properties of some particular positions at shock towers are caused by casting defects,especially gas pore and inclusions.An improvment measures aiming at eliminating defects was proposed.As a result,the as-cast mechnical properties of shock towers are improved obviously.The minimum elongation of the as-cast shock towers reaches 7.13%,which is beyond the target value of 5%.
关键词:Vacuum Assisted High Pressure Die Casting;Gas Pore;Slag;Elongation
摘要:The design verification and die casting process optimization of large cavity die casting mould of aluminum filter were performed by using the p-Q diagram.The formula derivation,drawing and practical application process of p-Qdiagram were described,and it was analyzed and expounded from different aspects.
摘要:For the low pressure casting integrated ZL101 Aaluminum alloy rear subframe,microstructure and mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy sub-frame were investigated by metallographic observation,scanning electron microscopy and tensile test.The results show that absence of casting surface defects can be observed with the internal dense structure.The gray-elliptical eutectic Si is distributed in theα-Al matrix,and a small amount of bright white iron-based compounds are distributed in the skeleton at the grain boundary.The tensile strength,yield strength,elongation and hardness of the T6 state aluminum alloy rear subframe reach 304 MPa,245 MPa,8.2% and 99 HB.Durability bench test and vehicle road durability test confirm that the performance of the lowpressure integrated casting rear sub-frame can meet the requirements for the use.
摘要:In order to explore the relationship between mechanical properties of Al-Si alloy and casting process parameters,the Box-Behnken response surface method was designed to establish a regression model of the technological parameters of lost foam casting(modifier addition,casting wall thickness and pouring temperature)and the mechanical properties of Al-Si alloy castings(tensile strength and elongation).The regression coefficient and variance analysis of mechanical properties of lost foam casting ZL102 alloy parts were carried out by Design-Expert10 software.The process parameters of lost foam casting Al-Si alloy were optimized and the Al-Si alloy castings with the satisfied mechanical properties were obtained.The results show that the influencing order of process parameters on tensile strength of ZL102 Al-Si alloy presents as follows:casting wall thickness> modifier addition>pouring temperature.The influencing order on elongation of ZL102 Al-Si alloy is as follows:casting wall thickness>pouring temperature>modifier addition.The optimized technological parameters are presented as follows:3.5%modifier addition,wall thickness of 5 mm and pouring temperature of 750℃.
摘要:Reverse engineering technology was used to reconstruct an integral impeller model.In particular,the point cloud data of the integral impeller model was collected through the XTOM educational surface scanning system,and the point cloud data of the impeller model was processed based on Imageware data processing software.The wheel hub and blade surface were created by combining the rotation method with the section lofting method,and the accurate reconstruction of the impeller model was finally realized under the condition of error control.
摘要:An X-ray projection model of hollow blades with residual ceramic cores was established to analyze the residual ceramic cores detection principle of X-ray transmission hollow blades.300 kV industrial cone-beam CT system was used to perform transmission imaging of a hollow blades.Accurate 3D data of hollow blade was obtained by 3D reconstruction technology,and the position and size of the residual ceramic cores of the hollow blades could be observed clearly.The detection effect was superior to that of X-ray radiography.The results show that 300 kV industrial cone-beam CT system can meet the requirements of residual ceramic cores detection for hollow blades.
摘要:Combined with the SLA technology(stereolithography technology)in 3D printing technology,the prototype combined wax pattern casting system of impeller castings was prepared.Through preparation of shell,low pressure pouring,shell cleaning and non-destructive detection,impeller for fan with the satisfied performance was manufactured finally.According to the calculation,the actual cost of the impeller is only one-third of the cost of the traditional casting technology,and the time consumption is only one-fifth.
摘要:Aiming at the characteristics of the rapid change of the wall thickness of investment casting VE valve body and each other overlap of self-hot spot,the new physical hot spot and flowing hot spot formed in the process of production,the concentrated hot spot was formed,resulting in shrinkage and porosity defects.With the help of ProCAST software,the gating system was optimized based on the initial design simulation.Through modifying pouring time for interval pouring,adding insulation cotton at shell position of feeding channel as well as water spraying quenching for shell mold with coating convergence,qualified VE valve body was manufactured sucessfully.
关键词:Investment Casting;Concentrated Hot Spot;Thermal Insulation Cotton;Local Spray Cooling
摘要:Adopting bar type with cylindrical or conical shape and molding method with shell or sand-filling,the effects of cooling rate on solidification microstructure and precipitation phase formation of K438 superalloy were investigated.Moreover,the relationship between high temperature mechanical properties and microstructure characteristics of the alloy was analyzed according to the observation of fracture morphology.The results show that columnar grain is prone to be generated in form of bar because of its high solidification rate.The shortened solidification time further reduces the feeding capacity of melt,resulting in non-denser microstructure casting.Due to the thick cross-section for conical shape rod,the solidification cooling rate and the growth rate of grain are decreased,which is beneficial for the formation of coarse equiaxed grain and the corresponding high temperature rupture time with 980℃ and 150 MPa is longer than 45 h,accompanied by the obvious improvement of elongation.Homogeneous fine precipitateγ′is formed under shell molding because of accelerated cooling rate,which modifies the coarse columnar grain and irregular precipitate in sand-filling molding.As a result,the high temperature tensile strength and plastic deformation behavior at 650℃ are improved significantly.
摘要:In-situ formed Al3Ti and Al3Zr intermetallic compound reinforced Al matrix composites were fabricated through powder metallurgy method.The effects of sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscope,optical microscopy,hardness and tensile strength testing.The results reveal that Al3Ti and Al3Zr intermetallic compounds enhanced phases are generated in the aluminum matrix.The Vickers hardness of the composites are increased from85.7 HV to 118.1 HV with the sintering temperature increased from 700 ℃to 900 ℃.The composites prepared by sintering at 800℃ present the acceptable tensile strength of 140.71 MPa and yield strength of 40.5 MPa.
关键词:Powder Metallurgy;In Situ Synthesis;(Al3Ti+Al3Zr)Reinforcing Phase;Sintering Temperature
摘要:The influence of La addition on the microstructure and properties of 10 Mg2Si/Al-Cu-xLa(x=0,0.2,0.4,0.8,mass fraction)composites was investigated.The results indicate that the eutectic Mg2Si phase is refined remarkably in the 10 Mg2Si/Al-Cu composites with the addition of La,which is changed from a large Chinese character to a thin strip or dot,and the mechanical properties of the composites are improved.significantly The 10 Mg2Si/Al-Cu-0.8La composites present 133 HV in hardness,however existence of large needle-like La-rich phases leads to the reduction of its ultimate tensile strength(UTS)and elongation.Therefore,the squeeze casting was applied to improve the microstructure and properties of 10% Mg2Si/Al-Cu-0.8La composites.The experiments show that squeeze casting can refine significantly Mg2Si and needle-like La-rich phases,leading to the increase of hardness and mechanical properties.The optimal properties can be obtained in 10 Mg2Si/Al-Cu-0.8La composites prepared by the squeeze casting(SC)assisted with ultrasonic treatment(UT),which exhibit 146 HV in hardness,336 MPa in UTS and 2.5%in elongation,respectively,which are increased by 16.8%,22.2% and 92.3%,respectively,compared with those of ones fabricated by gravity casting(GC).
摘要:The Fe78Si9B13 amorphous alloy ribbon was prepared by melt-spun method,and its removal efficiency on Cu(Ⅱ)in aqueous solution was investigated.The results show that 98.4% of Cu(Ⅱ)(50 mg/L)can be removed within 60 min by 1 g/L Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbons.Kinetic analysis show that the removal process can be described by apseudo-first-order kinetic model.Under the same conditions,the surface normalized reaction rate constant for the uptake of Cu(Ⅱ)by Fe78Si9B13 amorphous alloy ribbon is 341 times larger than those obtained by using 300 mesh iron powders.The experiments under different environmental conditions reveal that the apparent rate constant is proportional to the temperature of the solution and the dosage of the ribbons,and inversely proportional to the initial concentration of Cu(Ⅱ).Cyclic experiments show that the Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbon retains 61.1% of the removal ability after 4 consecutive uses.
摘要:The effects of Ti on the phase constituent,microstructure and room-temperature mechanical properties of CrCoNi MEA with various Ti ratios which were prepared by arc melting and drop casting were investigated by using X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope,and the compressive properties and hardness were tested.The results show that the crystalline structure is changed from the initial single face-centered cubic(FCC)structure(x≤0.1)to a duplex FCC plus Ni-Ti-rich phase(0.2≤x≤0.3)and then a third Cr-rich phase(x=0.4)with the Ti ratio increase.The as-cast microstructure is transformed from columnar grains to equiaxed grains at x=0.4.The change of yield stress can be ignored with a few addition of Ti,however the yield strength value is increased remarkably with the presence of the second phases.The maximum value of yield strength is achieved of1 712.6 MPa at x=0.3,and a good trade-off between yield stress and ductility is acquired at x=0.4.
摘要:Hot tearing susceptibility,microstructures and mechanical properties of cast Al-6Zn-2.5Mg-1.8Cu alloy with RE contents Such as 0,0.05%,0.1% and 0.15% were investigated.The results reveal that RE addition in alloy can refine grain size and improve the mechanical properties as well as decreasing the hot tearing susceptibility of the alloy.The alloy with 0.1%RE has the lowest hot tearing susceptibility,the smallest grain size and the desirable mechanical properties,where tensile strength and elongation of the alloy reach 180 MPa and 3%,respectively.
摘要:The microstructural evolution and properties of Ti-1300 alloy under external compressive stress during isothermal aging and continuous cooling were investigated.The results reveal that the external pressure stress promotes theβ→αphase transformation during isothermal aging and continuous cooling of Ti-1300 alloy.With the increase of compressive stress,the volume fraction ofαphase is increased and the thickness ofαphase is decreased,showing the preferred orientation effect.Moreover,the microhardness of Ti-1300 alloy is increased with the increase of external compressive stress.
摘要:The effects of La on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of ADC12-xLa(x=0,0.3,0.6,0.9)alloy were investigated by optical microscope(OM),scanning electron microscope(SEM)and energy disperse spectrometer(EDS).The results show that when La content is increased from 0 to 0.6%,the morphology of primaryα-Al,eutectic Si and Al8SiFe2 phases in the ADC12 alloy is refined gradually and the corrosion resistance is improved gradually.When rare earth La is less than 0.6%,it can be adsorbed at the surface of cathode phase during the modified process,thus forming a layer of rare earth oxidation film between the cathode and the anode.The rare earth oxidation film hinders the flow of corrosion electrons and improves the corrosion resistance of the ADC12 alloy.When the La content reaches 0.9%,a large amount of La-Al-Cu phases are generated in the alloy,which acts as a cathode phase in the alloy,resulting in the decrease of corrosion resistance of ADC12-0.9 La alloy.
摘要:Feasibility of added KBF4 to remove iron phase impurities in Al-Si alloy was carried out by thermodynamic calculation and analysis,and change of microstructure and precipitated phase in Al-Si alloy with KBF4 addition were investigated by means of metalloscope,scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectrometer and X-ray diffraction.The results reveal that Fe content in Al-7Si alloy is decreased from 1% to 0.68% with melting at 1 013 K,degassing and slag removal by adding refining agent as well as adding 1.6% KBF4 for 30 min.The Fe2B and AlB2 are generated at bottom of the samples after precipitation by XRD analysis.KBF4 can remove the iron from the aluminum alloy and refine the grain size in the aluminum alloy.
摘要:Aiming at the problems of shrinkage porosities(holes)in the thick and large plane of the aluminum alloy support arm,the origination of the defects was analyzed.The shrinkage porosities(holes)in the early design was solved effectively by changing the casting process from sand mold casting to permanent casting and combining with the simulation analysis by the AnyCasting Practical production has verified that the process scheme was reasonable and batch production has been realized.
摘要:In order to obtain the connecting rod bushing with the desirable surface quality,the lubrication performance and wear resistance of the bushing were improved.Based on taking power spinning processing of tin bronze bushing connecting rod as the research object,the Taguchi experiment optimization algorithm was adopted to optimize the three kinds of main processing parameters of connecting rod bushing in the turning process,cutting speed,feed rate and back cutting depth on the influence of bushing surface roughness.By design of orthogonal testing to measuring surface roughness of finish turning sleeve and comparing SNR range values of Raand Rz,effects of the three kinds of processing parameters on the tool service life were analyzed.The results reveal that the important sequence of three kinds of parameters on surface roughness is presented as:feed rate>cutting speed>back cutting depth,and traditional experience within the range of the optimal parameter combination is cutting speed of 190 mm/min,feed rate of 0.04 mm/r and back cutting depth of 0.2 mm.
关键词:Connecting Rod Bushing;Roughness;Taguchi Test;Signal to Noise Ratio