摘要:High strength TC4 titanium alloy plate was produced successfully by multi-pass warm rolling(two-direction rolling+single direction rolling).Mechanical properties and microstructure of as-multipass rolled and as-unidirection rolled TC4 titanium alloy were analyzed comparatively.The results show that the multi-pass rolling can refine significantly the grain size with dispersed distribution of nanoscale equiaxedαphase,and along the rolling direction,a small amount of the chain and filamentousαphase can be observed.Matrixβphase is broken,and micro-sizeβgrain is parallel to the rolling direction,showing a certain degree of orientation,with dispersed distribution of the sub-micron-sizeβgrain.The room temperature mechanical properties of TC4 titanium alloy were improved significantly after multipass rolling.In addition,the anisotropy of mechanical properties is relieved,and the difference in tensile strength and elongation between the rolling direction and transverse direction is decreased greatly.
摘要:The billets of Mg-9Al-3Zn-1Mn-6Ca-1Nd alloy were produced by a spraying deposition method(the Osprey process).The microstructure and deformation behavior of the alloy prepared were investigated by OM,SEM,XRD during hot extrusion.The results show that as-extruded magnesium alloys is composed ofα-Mg and the second phase " Al2Ca phase containing Nd".And the flow stress is decreased with increasing in temperature at a given strain rate,while it is increased with increasing in strain rate at agiven temperature.The axial ratio(c/a)of the Mg matrix is decreased with the increase of the deformation rate at a given stain rate and temperature,so the degree of "tension and compression asymmetry" is decreased.
摘要:Au999has excellent chemical stability,however,the products made of Au999 sometimes form‘rusty spots’.Rusty spots of Au999 pure gold bars were investigated by scanning electron microscope(SEM),micro-area energy dispersive spectrometer,XRF,chemical analysis,XPS and field investigation.The results indicate that the overall gold content of pure gold bars meets the standard requirements.However,the surface of the‘rusty spots’ area has amounts of Ag,S and O elements and trace of Cl,Si and Na elements.Ag and S exists in form of Ag2 S,which is responsible for tarnish.Meanwhile,Ag2 S and trace of SiO2 are corroded and consumed after acid treatment,resulting in micro cavities on the ‘rusty spots’ area.These impurity elements are caused by improper production management.Thus,to solve the‘rusty spots’ of pure gold bars,it must improve management of the production site and optimize the production process and technical process as well as keeping the worksite clean and strengthening the inspection and control procedure.
摘要:The microstructure of the as-cast Mg-5Sn-4Zn alloy with 0.5%,1.0%,1.5%and 2.5% Si additions was observed by XRD(X-ray diffraction),SEM(scanning electron microscopy).The results reveal that besides ofα-Mg and Mg2 Sn phase,Mg2 Si with the Chinese script shape can be observed in the Si containing alloys.Zn exists in the Mg2 Sn and Mg2 Si phase or dissolves inα-Mg matrix.Grain size in the alloy can be refined with increasing in Si content,and amounts of Mg2 Si are increased.The tensile test at the ambient temperature reveals that the Si addition can result in the deterioration of the tensile properties.The compressive creep behavior of the Mg-Sn-Zn-Si alloy at 175 ℃ with loading of 55 MPa was also investigated.The results reveal that the Si addition is helpful for improving the compressive creep resistance of Mg-Sn-Zn alloy.
摘要:HR3Calloy was treated with aging treatment and long-term aging at 650 ℃for 500 hto analyze influence of aging treatment on the microstructure and impact toughness.The results reveal that a few large bulky NbCrN phase an be observed with precipitation of a little tiny Z-phase particles at innergrain after aging treatment.More Z-phase is precipiated in alloy with aging treatment after long-term aging at 650 ℃ for 500 h,which improves the microhardness by dispersedly strengthening effects.Meanwhile,M23C6 type carbides are coarsened along the grain boundaries,while some M23C6 particles are distributed randomly inside the austenitic grain.The impact toughness values of HR3 Calloy with solid solution treatment or aging treatment are decreased after long-term aging,and the fracture morphologies of the notched impact specimens are characterized by intergranular fracture mode.
摘要:By using the finite element analysis method,temperature distribution and the heat transfer in the internal heating type multistage continuous vacuum furnace were analyzed as the theoretical basis for establishing the modeling.The ANSYS software was adopted to simulate the steady temperature field in vacuum furnace to obtain temperature distribution diagram of vacuum furnace and output value of the special nodes as theoretical modeling data.By measuring temperature of the special nodes in the vacuum furnace,the experimental data was extracted and compared with the simulated ones.The results show that the error of the model is less than 3.6%.
关键词:Finite Element Analysis;ANSYS Software;Steady-state Temperature Field
摘要:Deformation of beam caused by the residual stress releasing seriously affects the dimension precision.By analyzing planer type machine tool beam casting from a machine tool plant,the 3D modeling software Pro/E was used to establish a 3D model,and the stress field was simulated by ProCAST software to analyze the results and forecast the residual stress in the process of casting production.Finally,countermeasures were put forward.
摘要:The oxidation behaviors under different corrosion environments and the mechanical properties before or after irradiated effects of iron based alloys and zirconium alloys were reviewed.The results reveal that the oxidation resistance of iron based alloys under different corrosion environment is superior to that of zirconium alloys.The corrosion products are different because of different chemical composition in the two alloys.The various corrosion products and corrosion curves of iron based alloys can be observed under different corrosion environments.At a certain amount of radiation,the yield strength of the zirconium alloy is the higher than that of the iron based alloy,while the short-term creep behavior is the lower than that of the iron based alloy.In addition,the irradiation growth behavior of the two kinds of alloys is different.
关键词:Iron Based Alloys;Zirconium Alloys;Oxidation Corrosion Behavior;Mechanical Properties
摘要:Based on introduction of the processing procedure of rapid sand casting engine cylinder head and its casting process design,filling and solidification of liquid aluminium alloy were visualized by the ProCAST software.The simulated results reveal that the smooth filling can be realized by one-side bottom gating system.During the solidification process,the outer wall of cylinder head is solidified ahead,and then the inner casting.Satisfied feeding effect of risers on large thick parts of upper part of workpiece wall and ingates on bottom part of workpiece wall can be realzied,respectively.Absence of isolated liquid region in the casting can be observed.The inner cylinder head has only the uniformly dispersed shrinkage porosity(hole),and the porosity is less than 10%,exhibiting excellent casting quality.
关键词:Engine Cylinder Head;Numerical Simulation;ProCAST Software;Filling and Solidification
摘要:Aiming at shrinkage porosities(holes)in investment casting valve body,ProCAST software was applied to visualize filling and solidification process of the liquid metal.Based on the simulated results,through adjusting the casting parameters,the gating system was optimized.Meanwhile,actual process was verified by using 3Dprinting to print practical pattern,so high quality valve body was produced.
摘要:2024alloy was prepared by powder thixo-forming,and effects of solution treatment on its microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated,and the permanent mold cast alloy was analyzed comparatively.The results indicate that microstructure of the powder thixoformed alloy is changed obviously while the microstructural evolution of the permanent mold cast alloy is slower than that of the powder thixoforming due to the large interdendritic eutectic phase during solutionizing at 485 ℃.The tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of the powder thixoformed alloy are increased by 18.6%,20.9% and 287.1%,respectively,compared with those of the permanent mold cast alloy.With solutionizing at 485 ℃for 4h,the tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of the powder thixformed alloy reach 333 MPa,278 MPa and 16.5%,respectively.
摘要:The aluminum alloy automobile steering knuckles was produced by squeezing casting to replace cast iron knuckles,which can reduce 56.6% weight by structural optimization design.The results show that the microstructure and mechanical properties of the squeezing casting aluminum alloy steering knuckles exhibit desirable.
摘要:There exists some difficulty to the die-casting aluminum alloy bracket-camshaft.Based on numerical simulation for die-casting aluminum alloy bracket-camshaft,the filling process and casting defect distribution were understand to determine the gating system and exhausting system,so the development cycle of the mold was shortened greatly.Meanwhile,in trial-mould and trial-production process,origination of different defects was described including pouring process,mould,and the optimized measures were presented.The results show that it is a key for rational pouring process and exhausting system as well as cooling system for obtaining high-quality die casting bracket-camshaft.
摘要:The TiC/Ni cermet functionally gradient coating on H13 steel surface was prepared by selfpropagating high temperature synthesis and pseudo hot isostatic pressing(SHS/PHIP).The coating phases and microstructure were identified and observed by XRD and SEM-EDS,respectively.Microhardness and bonding strength of the compound coatings were tested by microhardness tester and impact test method,respectively.The results show that the coating mainly consists of small and uniform distribution in situ TiCpand Ni-based solid solution which closely combined with TiC particles.The average microhardness of surface reaches 857.94 HV0.05.The impact test reveals the better bonding strength between H13 substrate and coating.
摘要:Al-7.2Zn-2.2Mg-1.8Cu alloy melt was prepared by flux protection melting,and the segregation distribution in solidified structure of the alloy by direct squeeze casting was investigated.The results reveal that there exists serious macroscopic and microscopic segregation in the solidified structure,finally the solute elements enriched in liquid phase in the center of the castings can form macro abnormal segregation under pressure.The composition difference between inner dendrites and intergranular eutectic phase is responsible for micro-segregation,and the solidification rate can be increased significantly under the squeeze casting condition,which can reduce the degree of micro-segregation.
摘要:Decorated brass tube with a thin-walled thickness and many concave decorative veins on its outer surface is very difficult to produce by using common investment casting.Because of the low speed flow of molten brass and high gas evolution,great many shrinkage cavity and gas hole can be generated in the brass tube.By centrifugal pressurizing technology,as a result of centrifugal force strongly driving liquid copper to promote it filling and feeding rapidly,shrinkage porosities in the brass tube can be eliminated or decreased.Meanwhile,liquid copper can strongly drive and squeeze gas in the cavity accompanied with centrifugal force effects.So the gas in the cavity can be exhausted more easily to greatly reduce gas hole in the brass tube.
摘要:Through the implementation process of the bead selection,pre-foaming,dry curing,model making,model drying,combined drying,dipping,split,combination of dry sand compaction,negative pressure suction,vacuum casting,clean out,it is not only be solved for the un-rational bead choose of EPC pattern in the process of casting surface friction disc and insufficient strength of particle model,as well as large volume and large deformation caused by the gap size and due to substandard problems such as deformation,but also be solved for slag hole,shrinkage and other problems in the EPC friction disc as a result of incomplete combustion of foam pattern,instability and imbalance of iron liquid filling,iron solidification pressure holding time caused by the lack of internal casting formation.The variable negative pressure EPC process was adopted to produce the friction disc products,which has high quality and high yield.
摘要:In order to understand influence of mold flow control device(MFCD)on mold free surface at low casting speed,based on the calculation theory of fluid mechanics,the 3D-mathmatical model of fluid flow in the continuous casting mold was established by the Fluent-software.The fluid flow in mould for slab continuous casting has been simulated using model of k-εhigh Re equation.Under the conditions of different structural submerged entry nozzle,the effects of MFCD on mold free surface(temperature field and flow field)has been analyzed at low casting speed.The results show that effects of MFCD on mold free surface is related with submerged entry nozzle structure.The MFCD can reduce the turbulent kinetic energy of the free surface under the conditions of the 1submerged entry nozzle,while it can increases the turbulent kinetic energy under the conditions of the 2submerged entry nozzle.The MFCD(insertion depth of 50、100mm)is not feasible for slab continuous casting at low casting speed(0.55m/min).
摘要:The failure behavior of ball mill liner in copper mine under wet grinding conditions was analyzed.The microstructure of failure lining plate was analyzed by optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,energy dispersive spectroscope,hardness tester and other analysis methods.The corrosion resistance,mechanical properties and corrosive wear mechanism of the Cr-alloy steel in weak acid condition have also been characterized by electro-chemical polarization,tensile and impacting testing.The result shows that the liner material presents the satisfied corrosion resistance in the static simulation copper slurry.However,the dynamic impact wear of copper mine slurry greatly reduces the corrosion resistance of the material.Failure modes of lining plates are characterized by cutting furrows,corrosion pits and peeling pits,and the interaction of corrosion and wear is responsible for liner failure.
摘要:Mathematical model of nuclear growth of Al-5Cu alloy was established.Effects of electromagnetic stirring,stirring current and stirring frequency on the solidification structure of the alloy were analyzed.The results reveal that,without electromagnetic stirring,the solidification microstructure of Al-5Cu alloy exhibits coarse as a result of the high temperature gradient of melt,while with electromagnetic stirring,the solidification microstructure is refined due to low temperature gradient.In addition,to some certain,with the stirring current increase,solidification microstructure of the Al-5Cu alloy is refined,while with increasing in the stirring frequency,the solidification microstructure of the Al-5Cu alloy is coarened.
摘要:Ni-Cr-TiB2-CaF2 composite coating was prepared by laser cladding on the surface of the Cu-CrZr alloy with KF-6as transition layer in order to understand influence of different mass percentage of TiB2 ceramic particles reinforced phase on microstructure and properties of the composites prepared.Microstructure and micro-hardness of the composite coating are characterized by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The friction and wear properties of the coating were evaluated.The results indicate that microstructure of the composite coating with 5% and 10% TiB2 is mainly composed of particles and dendritic structure.With the increase of TiB2 content,plate structure and block aggregation of TiB2 can be observed in microstructure of the composite coating.The micro-hardness of the composite coating with20% TiB2 is about 1 200HV0.1,which is about 12 times of the copper alloy.In addition,the frictional coefficient of composites with wear-resisting performance is about 0.30 at room temperature.
摘要:In order to reduce effects of residual stress on the quality of the power spinning connecting rod bushing to improve its capability and service life,changes of residual stress of the power spinning connecting rod bushing before and after heat treatment and effects of annealing temperature and holding time on the residual stress of power spinning connecting rod bushing were analyzed by single factor test with the reduction rate of 35%,the feed ratio of 0.6mm·r-1 and the first round of thinning of 0.5 t.The results show that the heat treatment can eliminate effectively the residual stress.At a certain range,with the increase of annealing temperature,the surface and internal residual stress of workpiece is decreased.In addition,with increasing in the holding time,the residual stress is eliminated fully.
关键词:Power Spinning;Connecting Rod Bushing;Heat Treatment;X-ray Diffraction;Residual Stress
摘要:Thermo-physical behavior of Ti45 Nb titanium alloy was described by nondestructive test,laser pulse,comparative analysis,non-steady method and ejector pins.The results reveal that the Poisson’s ratio of Ti45 Nb alloy is affected slightly by temperature in the range from room temperature to 300 ℃,while the Young’s modulus and shear modulus are decreased rapidly with the increase of temperature.In addition,the thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity are increased linearly with increasing in temperature.The specific heat is increased in form of the parabola as the temperature increase.The linear thermal expansion curve is increased in form of parabolia before 50℃and increased linearly after 50℃.The instantaneous linear expansion curve is increased linearly with the increase of temperature before100 ℃,and stabilized after 100 ℃.
摘要:It has made a detail description about the strain and stress distribution of the cast shell in hydrostatic pressure,which was tested by electric measurement.The results indicate that all pressurestress relationships exhibits linear correlation under the standard pressure,so the casting shell is in elastic deformation and in trace residual strain with absence of yield deformation.Tested results show that the three points with the bigger stress are located at the intersecting line of the shell,and the overall stress distribution of the shell is consistent with the theoretical analysis.The strength evaluation shows that the shell casting technology is reasonable and the shell strength meets completely the demands of safety design.Finally,the analyzed results of shell stress and the fracture structure reveal that the fracture mechanism is characterized by mixing of brittle fracture and plastic fracture,and the micro-porosity in metallurgical structure is still the resource of the fracture with the increase of the stress.
关键词:Cast Shell;Strain and Stress;Metallurgical Structure;Crack Morphology
摘要:The Mg-9.96Zn-2.10Y(in weight,%)alloy was solidified under 2GPa,4GPa and 6GPa highpressure,and the thermal compression was conducted for the alloys solidified under as-cast,2GPa and 4GPa.Then the microstructures,phase composition and properties of the alloys prepared were analyzed by OM、SEM、XRD and hardness tester.The results indicate that microstructure of the alloy is transformed from net-like to fine columnar grain and then to cellular crystal,and intermediate phases distributed inhomogeneously with net-connect each other are transformed into fine and uniformly dispersion.XRD results show that phase constituent of alloys is varied under different solidification condition.The Vicker-hardness of the alloys is increased gradually and then decreased with the increase of the solidification pressures,and the solidification alloy at 4 GPa reaches the highest hardness.The stress-strain curves of the thermal compressed samples indicate that the peak stress is increased in the sequence of that of as-cast,2GPa,4GPa alloy,however,strain is decreased gradually.Among three alloys,alloy solidified at 4GPa exhibits desirable microstructure.
摘要:Low temperature impact loading performance of TA2 alloy at 20-190 ℃ was analyzed.Fracture of TA2 alloy at the experimental temperature range was characterized by ductile crack behavior.The impact energy of the TA2 alloy is the lowest at-50-100℃.With the extension of temperature range,the impact energy values exhibit a notable raised trend.At ambient temperature to-190℃,fracture microstructure of TA2 alloy has apparent ductile structure,where clear shearing lips and dimple are formed in coarse crack fiber.
摘要:The effects of rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti600 titanium alloy for engine were investigated by using microstructure observation and tensile testing.The results show that theβandαphase in microstructure of transverse blank after the three-roll rolling form the equaxialα+βas a result of recrystallization.The grain size is refined with improvement of uniformity after rolling.The longitudinal structure of the blank is mainly composed of primaryα,secondaryαandβphase matrix.The hardness and mechanical properties of titanium alloy plate are increased after rolling,especially transverse direction,where increase of mechanical properties at room temperature are more than15%.Fracture morphology of titanium alloy was characterized by quasi-cleavage fracture with torn edges and dimples.Dimples are generated mainly in grain boundary,especially in lamella regiment and the grain boundary betweenαphase.
摘要:By using OM and ProCAST software,effects of grain refinement technology on the segregation in ZL205 Aalloys were investigated.The results show that microstructure of the ZL205 Acan be refined significantly after the multistep addition of Al-5Ti-B alloy.The mechanical properties,casting properties,flow ability and thermal cracking performance of the ZL205 Aalloy can be improved effectively.The grain bridge can be formed in the ending process of the solidification,which enhances the bonding force among the grain boundary.The grain refinement can increase significantly the contact area among the grain boundaries.Therefore,the bonding force of the grain boundaries is improved obviously with the relative slow intergranular separation process,which decreases the hot tearing tendency and the segregation in the ZL205 Aalloys.
摘要:The influence of DC magnetic field intensity(01.4T)on grain orientation and mechanical properties of Al-4.5Cu alloy were investigated.The results show that change of solidification microstructure of the alloy can be ignored.Volume fraction of the second phase in the alloy is decreased gradually,and the content of Cu element in grain of the alloy is increased gradually with the increase of magnetic field intensity.When the strength of DC magnetic field is less than 0.84 T,the diffraction intensity of crystal plane(111)ofα-Al matrix is weakened,and the diffraction intensity of crystal plane(200)is enhanced significantly.The influence of DC magnetic field on crystal orientation of the alloy can be ignored when the magnetic field intensity is at 0.841.4T,compared with the alloy without treatment.Tensile strength of the alloy is increased,while its elongation is decreased with DC magnetic field treatment.When the magnetic field intensity is 0.56 T,tensile strength of the alloy reaches 104.5 MPa,which is increased by up to 4.5%,compared with the sample without magnetic field treatment,and the elongation reaches a minimum value of 3.4%.
摘要:In order to reduce the cost of Al-0.2Sc-0.04 Zr electric alloys,the effects of(partially)substituting of Sc by Yb on the ageing behavior and electrical conductive properties of Al-(0.2-x)Si-xYb-0.04 Zr alloys were investigated by hardness,tensile and electrical conductivity tests.It is found that all alloys exhibit an apparent ageing-hardening peak.The peak ageing temperatures of alloys containing0.05%,0.10%and 0.15% Yb are all about 330℃,while that of alloy containing 0.20% Yb is 280℃.The corresponding tensile strengths at peak-ageing reach 155,140,104 and 85MPa,respectively.The(partially)substituting of Sc by Yb for Al-0.2Sc-0.04 Zr alloy can improve the electrical conductive although it can result in the decrease of the mechanical properties.Based on the mechanical and electrical properties,especially the production cost,the Al-0.1Sc-0.1Yb-0.04 Zr alloy has the desirable application prospects at the field of heat-resistant electrical conductive materials.
摘要:The optimized design of gating system for large-scale ring castings was completed by optimizing the structure,selecting the appropriate material and solidification shrinkage process parameters in combination with the FDM and FEM numerical simulation.The density of oxidized slagis decreases from(1215)/cm2 to(23)/cm2,and the average diameter is reduced from 2.6 mm to 0.4 mm after the graded melting and refining process.The average grain size is reduced from 176μm to 68μm,and the average tensile strength and elongation are increased about 8%10% and 60% by selecting composite grain refinement,respeotively.The average tensile strength,yield strength and elongation of ZL114 A alloy reach 360 MPa,310 MPa and 8.2%,respectively,based on the multi-stage solid solution and aging process,While the corresponding values of ZL205 Aare 520MPa,460 MPa and 7.4%,and the fractures are characterized by typical dimple rupture.The internal residual stress is reduced from 140MPa250 MPa to 50 MPa105 MPa,and the machining accuracy of high and radial direction is increased about 180% after the cryogenic treatment.In addition the average tensile strength and elongation are increased by 20 MPa30 MPa and 2%3.5%,repectiuely,after the T6 treatment.
摘要:The introduction of a unique low emission additive technology by Clariant,is enabling foundries to reduce BTEX emissions from green sand systems by up to 80% and produce highest quality castings with improved surface quality at optimum productivity.To assess the potential of this technology to contribute to the sustainability improvements wanted by foundries and related industries,this article examines the current primary techniques for emission reduction from bentonite-based green sand.It outlines the principles of the new technology and explains the innovative testing method developed by the company to measure and compare emissions of aromatics from lustrous carbon formers under realistic foundry process conditions.Finally,it shows results achieved in practice in a European foundry using the new low emission additive technology.