摘要:The electromagnetic stirring process is a well-established production route for semi-solid slurry preparation,however,the skin effects restrained its application scope. In order to overcome the problem,annulus electromagnetic stirring process(AEMS) was presented. The annulus gap could avoid the part of low magnetic induction intensity,so uniform rotating magnetic filed could be generated in the annulus gap compared to conventional electromagnetic stirring,and then uniform temperature field and uniform fine grain in the structure could be obtained. Microstructure of annulus electromagnetic stirring continuous casting billets exhibits rosette structure,which is uniformly distributed into the billets. Compared with conventional electromagnetic stirring,annulus electromagnetic stirring can greatly decrease macro-segregation and micro-segregation.
摘要:The micro-hardness and tensile properties of ECAPed and pre-ECAP pure copper were investigated by the Vickers micro-hardness and electronic tensile machine. Furthermore,the strengthening mechanism of ultrafine-grained copper produced by the ECPA was analyzed. The results show that the saturation of strain-hardening and strain-softening occurs in copper subjected to ECAP,namely,the flow stress is increased sharply with increasing in strain to the maximum value at 8 passes,and then tends to be saturated,which can be attributed to the saturation of grains size and dislocation density after ECAP. The mechanical properties of the ultrafine-grained copper can reach 400~410 MPa in tensile strength,12%~20% in elongation and HV140~146 in hardness. Tensile behavior of the ECAPed ultrafine-grain copper is described by the MA model.
摘要:Fine-grained TiC-TiB2 composite ceramics with varied thickness was prepared successfully by combustion synthesis under high gravity,and the TiC-TiB2 ceramic ballistic targets were confined by shrink-fit steel in radial and longitudinal direction. Ballistic testing of long-rod kinetic-energy tungsten alloy penetrator shows that,with thickness of ceramic tile lower than 12 mm,the penetration process of ceramic tile are mainly controlled by the combination of the initial-shocking and steady-state penetration,resulting in poor ballistic performance. With the thickness more than 12 mm,the penetration process of the ceramic tile is controlled by the combination of steady-state and un-steady state(projectile deceleration and erosion acceleration) penetration,leading to the sharp attenuation of mass and kinetic energy of the penetrator,greatly improving the ballistic performance of the ceramic tile.
Wang Zhongtang1,Deng Yonggang1,Zhang Shihong2,Cheng Ming2,Li Defu3
Vol. 31, Issue 10, Pages: 895-898(2011)
摘要:Numerical simulation of hot extruding superalloy Incone1690(IN690) at high temperature and high speed was conducted by the finite element method(FEM) to present the change of temperature field,strain field,stress field and extruding force in deformed materials at different processing conditions. The results show that,with increasing in extruding speed,the deformation un-uniformity and the temperature-increment of the initial billets are increased,and with increasing in temperature,the maximum equivalent stress is reduced obviously with the improvement of distribution uniformity,leading to the improvement of the plasticity. The extruding force is firstly increased and then increased with the extruding speed increase,and it is decreased with the extruding temperature increase. The relative error between the simulated result and the experimental one is lower than 7.3%. The desirable processing parameters are as follows:extruding speed of 110~120 mm/s and extruding temperature of 1 200 ℃.
摘要:Mg2Si particle reinforced hypereutectic Al-Si alloy composites were prepared by direct melt reaction,and the effects of Mg2Si content on the microstructure and properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the Mg2Si morphology in the composites is obviously changed with increasing in its content,which is transformed from polygonal block structure into the particle,and then into the coarse dendrite. The hardness and wear resistance of the composites exhibit the distinct relationship with the morphology and amounts of Mg2Si phase.
摘要:The pure Ti castings were produced with high temperature phosphate investment materials containing 20%,30% and 40% ZrO2,respectively,by investment casting,and compared pure Ti castings was produced with special MT-3 investment materials. The optimized proportion between ZrO2 content and phosphate investment materials was presented through examining the properties of Ti castings by the XRD(X-ray diffraction) and SEM(scanning electron microscope) ,EDS(energy dispersive spectrometer) . The results show that there exists a lot of porosity in castings produced with high temperature phosphate investment materials containing 20% ZrO2,and porosity rate exhibits significant difference with the compared castings,while significant difference in porosity rates in the casting produced with investment materials containing 30% and 40% ZrO2 can not be observed with the compared castings. In addition,the reactive layer on the castings produced with 20% ZrO2 is the thickest,and then castings produced with 30% and 40% ZrO2,and the reactive layer of the casting produced with the special MT-3 investment casting is the thinnest. The phosphate investment casting with 30% ZrO2 exhibits acceptable properties.
Li Lu1,Zhou Rongfeng1,Cen Qihong1,Li Zhenhua1,Jiang Yehua1,Zhou Rong1
Vol. 31, Issue 10, Pages: 907-910(2011)
摘要:Die casting semi-solid ZL101 alloy prepared by inclined slope cooling-transferring method was conducted. Effects of processing parameters on properties of semi-solid rheoforming ZL101 alloy die castings were investigated,and the change of properties of the semi-solid die casting ZL101 parts after T6 heat treatment was analyzed. Mechanical properties of semi-solid die casting parts were comparatively analyzed with those of conventional die casting parts. The results reveal that,the semi-solid die casting parts exhibit desirable mechanical properties with pouring at 595 ℃ and injecting at 1.8 m/s,and the elongation is increased by 11% compared with that of conventional die casting parts at 630℃. Tensile strength and elongation of the semi-solid die casting parts after heat treatment are greatly improved. The fracture mechanism of both conventional die casting parts and semi-solid die casting parts are characterized by quasi-cleavage fracture,while semi-solid die casting parts after heat treatment are characterized by ductile fracture.
摘要:Effects of heat treatment on thermal conductivity of Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy were approached,and the mechanism of heat treatment,such as homogenization,solid solution,aging treatment,was described. The results indicate that homogenization treatment is beneficial for improving the microstructure of the alloy. The fine and uniform structure in the alloy with acceptable thermal conductivity can be observed with homogenizing treatment at 560 ℃ for 6 hours. With solid solution temperature increase,the thermal conductivity of the alloy is decreased,and the alloy with desirable strength and thermal conductivity match can be obtained at 510 ℃ solid solution treatment. The thermal conductivity of the alloy is improved after artificial aging treatment as a result of the elimination of defects in the microstructure,and the desirable thermal conductivity can be presented with artificial aging treatment at 200 ℃ for 6 hours.
摘要:Macrostructure and microstructure of TiAl alloys in two kinds permanent mould casting and in ceramic mould casting were observed by OM(optical microscope) and SEM(scanning electron microscope) . The results show that gain size on fine gain layer of surface of TiAl alloy plate in permanent mould is decreased greatly,and width of columnar grain zone is narrowed,meanwhile,volumetric fraction of equiaxed grain in the center is decreased sharply with the decrease of grain size. Fine grain on surface of TiAl alloy plate in permanent mould castings is composed of random oriented lamellar colony,and columnar grain consists of oriented lamellar structure whose direction is perpendicular to the growth direction. Equiaxed grain in the center is composed of random oriented lamellar structure with obvious narrow lamellar spacing.
摘要:Microstructure and grain size of AlSi7Mg alloy billet prepared by semi-continuous casting at low superheat,which was reheated at different heating temperatures and holding time,were observed by optical microscope and image analyzing software to understand microstructure evolution and grain growth during reheating process combining with differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) . The results reveal that microstructure evolution is closely related with reheating temperature and holding time. With increasing in heating temperature and holding time,grain is grown spherically,and microstructure evolution is faster and faster with increasing in heating temperature. Grain is grown more and more spherically with extending in holding time. The AlSi7Mg alloy billets with homogeneous and spherical as well as fine structure can be prepared by effectively controlling reheating temperature and holding time.
摘要:Through CASTsoft CAD/CAE technology calculating casting billet modulus,processing hot spot,gating-riser system,filling and solidification,processing design and possible defects in the castings were analyzed. Based on analyzed results,the optimized design was presented. The results show that the numerical simulation can effectively reduce or eliminate possible defects,decreasing trial-production process,improving the reliability of the technology.
摘要:The single crystal turbine blade was usually produced in vacuum furnace by directional solidification technology. The finite element model used for single crystal solidification simulation was complex in structure with difficult pre-process. By the UG secondary development,the parametric modeling of gating system for single crystal turbine blade was implemented,simplifying the gating system design and improving the modeling efficiency and accuracy. Meanwhile,parametric modeling can automatically eliminate coincidence face of gating system to avoid crossed face in the mesh generation,reducing grid error and saving pre-process time.
摘要:The sand-coated iron mould process of grey iron flywheel was simulated by the software to understand the shrinkage porosity(hole) in the flywheel. Through numerical simulation,effects of iron mould thickness and pouring temperatures on temperature field were analyzed,and responding countermeasures were presented. Through decreasing thickness of sand-coated on partial concave edge and adding chills,shrinkage porosity(hole) in grey iron flywheel was effectively eliminated.
关键词:Sand-Coated Iron Mold;Flywheel;Numerical Simulation;Processing Optimization
摘要:ZL201 aluminum alloy semi-solid slurry was prepared by indirect ultrasonic vibration method(IUV) ,in which the horn is vibrated under the outside of the metallic cup with alloy melt. Effects of IUV temperature and time on microstructure of the semi-solid slurry as well as primary grain distribution in the slurry under ultrasonic vibration condition were observed was investigated. The results show that after applying the IUV for approximately 60 s on the melt near or above the liquidus temperature,semi-solid slurry with grain shape coefficient of 0.55 and average grain diameter of 70 μm can be prepared. During IUV time within 60 s,grain shape coefficient and average grain diameter are increased with increasing in vibrating time,while the IUV time more than 60 s,shape coefficient is decreased to some extent. The grain distribution in the whole cup is uniform,and the average grain diameter of the top and the bottom is slightly bigger than that in the middle. A large quantity of free grain is observed near the cup wall within 1 to 3 mm to the edge,which indicates that the IUV has high-frequency mechanical vibration effects.
摘要:Filling and solidification in low pressure casting aluminum alloy automobile seat frame were simulated by FEM(finite element method) combining with orthogonal testing to understand effects of processing parameters on shrinkage porosity(hole) ,filling and solidification. The results show that the minimum shrinkage porosity(hole) rate in the low pressure casting aluminum alloy seat frame can be observed with desirable appearance quality when filling time is 1.5s with holding-pressure of 7kPa and holding-pressure time of 100s.
关键词:Aluminum Alloy;Low Pressure Casting;Orthogonal Testing;Numerical Simulation;Filling and Solidification
摘要:Rationality of gating system in the die casting process has great effects on the mechanical properties of the standard casting samples. The Flow-3D software was employed to analyze and optimize the existed gating system of standard samples. Meanwhile,design and optimization of high vacuum die casting for standard samples were conducted. The results show that gas entrapment and liquid alloy backflow occurred around the runner nearby the ingate during slow speed filling stage in the existing die casting process. And they could be significantly reduced with the transition angle between the sprue and the runner increasing to 30 mm,while tapered runner with buffer structure was adopted,the backflow and gas entrapment can be moved to the packet buffer,and the liquid metal with gas entrapment can be avoided before moving into cavity,which is beneficial for the improvement of die castings quality. Air vent located in the side of the overflow can effectively eliminate the blockage of exhaust passage among different samples,which ensures adequate exhausting time after the samples are filled completely. Therefore,the internal quality of the castings is improved.
关键词:Die Casting;High Vacuum Die Casting;Standard Samples;Gating System;Numerical Simulation
摘要:Structure optimization and processing design of forklift driving axle were conducted with the help of topological optimization and casting simulation software to reduce the wei
摘要:According to the structure characteristics and technical requirement of the large aluminum alloy U-shape frame,a composite casting-sand mold integrated with full mold casting was presented to produce the parts. Casting process of U-shape frame was described,focusing on the design of gating system,riser and sand core. Furthermore,the occurrence of hot crack in the U-shape frame was analyzed,and the structure was modified to decrease the hot crack,which provided a reference to the design of the same kind of parts.
摘要:Composite hollow pipe billet was successfully manufactured by centrifugally pouring 10 type steel on the outer layer firstly and then pouring 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel on the inner layer. The pipe billet with inner and outer surface treated was prepared to the carbon steel /stainless steel composite pipe with 47 mm in diameter and 4.5 mm in length by hot extrusion and cold rolling,and composite pipe manufactured with stainless steel by centrifugal casting was described. The microstructure,properties and bonding layer of the composite pipe were investigated. The results show that inner and outer layer exhibit desirable metallurgical bonding effects,and grain size is greatly refined. Grain size in the pipe after final rolling is transformed from 3.0~3.5 grade at as-cast state into 7.0~8.0 grade. Grain-boundary corrosion meets the requirements after bending,flattening and heat treatment.
关键词:Carbon Steel/Stainless Steel;Composite Pipe;Centrifugal Casting;Hot Extrusion;Cold Rolling
摘要:Effects of Si contents on friction and wear performance of in-situ Mg2Si/AM60 composites were investigated. It is found that,with increasing in Si content,the weight loss of the composites is decreased as a result of the increase of the hardness,greatly improving the wear behavior of the composites. With the loading increase,the weight loss of the composites is increased. Compared with AM60 matrix,the transformation time of trace-wear into severe wear of the composites is effectively postponed.
摘要:The varied volumetric fraction nano-MgO particle reinforced copper matrix composites(MgO/Cu composites) were prepared by powder metallurgy technology. The hardness,density and electric conductivity of the MgO/Cu composites were examined,and its microstructure was observed. The results indicate that,with increasing in MgO particle content,density and electric conductivity of the composites are decreased,however,hardness is firstly increased and then decreased. The desirable comprehensive properties of the composites can be obtained with 2.5% MgO particle. Reinforcement is uniformly and dispersedly distributed into the copper matrix after hot extrusion. With increasing in volumetric fraction of reinforcement,nano-particles appear together and gather in grain boundary of copper matrix.
Yang Dongyu1,Yang Weiguang2,Zhao Jiaqi3,Nan Hai3,Wu Guoqing3
Vol. 31, Issue 10, Pages: 958-960(2011)
摘要:Through quantitative metallographic analysis,effects of mould materials and plate thickness on formability of the TC4 alloy and β-phase grain size and α phase lamellar spacing in microstructure were investigated. The results show that the formation of TC4 alloy and its microstructure are closely related with mould materials and plate thickness. The ceramic mould is superior to graphic mould in formability and in refining microstructure of plate. With increasing in plate thickness,initial β-phase grain size and α phase lamellar spacing are increased in linear way.
关键词:Cast Ti Alloy;Mould Materials;Microstructure;Quantitative Metallographic
摘要:Effects of chill thickness on defects position of T-shaped aluminum alloy castings were investigated by combining experiment with numerical simulation,meanwhile,effective distance of the chill was presented by observing the temperature change at different locations of T-shaped aluminum alloy castings. It is found that with chill thickness less than 30 mm,defects locations and effective distance are closely dependent on the increase of chill thickness,while with one more than 30 mm,they are almost independent of the increase of the chill thickness,which provides a guide to chill application in solidification process of aluminum alloy.
摘要:1350 industrial pure aluminum with 3 mm in thickness was joined by frictional stirring welding(FSW) . Influence of different ratios of ration speed to welding speed(ω/v) on microstructure and mechanical properties of the frictional stirring welding joint was investigated. The results reveal that joint exhibits coarse surface morphology with the formation of tunnel hole when ω/v is 5.0 r/mm,and S-shape defects are observed in the joint when ω/v is 8.3 r/mm,however,the joint with desirable appearance and defects-free can be observed when ω/v is more than 8.3 r/mm. Area and grain size of the stirring zone are increased with the increase of ω/v value,however,the change of micro-hardness of stirring zone is different from the ω/v value change. Tensile strength and elongation of the joint is increased in range of 5.0~10.0 r/mm to the maximum value at 10.0 r/mm,and then decreased as ω/v value increases. SEM observation shows that dimples and tearing edges similar with the matrix material can be observed in the joint with ω/v more than 8.3 r/mm,which verifies that the joint exhibits excellent plasticity.
关键词:FSW;1350 Industrial Pure Aluminum;Microstructure;Mechanical Properties
摘要:Three kinds of ultrasonic radiators with plane,spherical and conical shape were designed based on ultrasonic refraction and reflection theory at liquid/solid interface to understand the effects of end-shape on microstructure of aluminum alloy. Water simulation and 7050 aluminum alloy casting test were conducted,respectively,with three kinds of ultrasonic radiators. The water simulation results reveal that maximum cavitation and acoustic streaming intensity with the smallest radiation radius can be observed with the plane ultrasonic radiator,while the larger cavitation and acoustic stream effects with a larger radiation radius can be observed with the spherical ones,and the weakest cavitation and acoustic effects with the maximum radiation radius and the fastest attenuation velocity can be described with the conical ones. The effect orders of three kinds of ultrasonic radiator on the microstructure of 7050 aluminum alloy are as follows:plane tip,spherical ones,conical ones.
关键词:Ultrasonic Radiator;Aluminum Alloy Casting;the Tip Shape;Ultrasonic Refraction and Reflection;Cavitation;Acoustic Stream
摘要:Online detecting inclusion in liquid ZL102 alloy was conducted by electric resistance method. The results show that,inclusion size can be evaluated by the amplitude of current pulse,and inclusion numbers can be evaluated by the frequency of current pulse. Current pulse curves are independent of the probe voltage at the two ends,and electric resistance change of detecting system is very small,however,the top platform of the current curves is declined.
摘要:Cu-2.3Ni-0.3Be-0.15Zr alloy was fabricated with Zr addition by non-vacuum smelting,and heat treatment for the alloy prepared was conducted to improve the mechanical properties. The properties of the alloy prepared were measured by hardness testing,electric conductivity testing and universal machinery testing. The microstructure was observed by OM(optical microscope) ,and the strengthening mechanism was introduced. The results show that cold deformation can promote the precipitation of new phase in the alloy. Hardness and electric conductivity of the alloy can reach 251 and 28.48MS/m,respectively,after solid solution at 940 ℃ for 1.5 hours and 30% cold deformation and aging at 460 ℃ for 3 hours,exhibiting acceptable comprehensive properties.
关键词:Cu-2.3Ni-0.3Be-0.15Zr Alloy;Solid Solution and Aging;Hardness;Electric Conductivity