Microstructure and solidification behavior of inducing melted Cu83Fe17 alloys and melt spun Cu83Fe17 alloys were investigated by scanning electron microscope （SEM）. The results show that microstructure consists of fine primary Fe-rich dendrite existed in Cu-rich matrix in vacuum inducing melted Cu83Fe17 alloy,while both Fe-rich dendrites and Fe-rich spheroids appear in microstructure of melt-spun Cu83Fe17 alloy. The morphology and size of the Fe-rich phase are varied greatly with the change of ribbon thickness. The diameter of Fe-rich spheroids nearby surface-free is more than that nearby contacted surface,exhibiting non-uniform distribution,which is attributed to the appearance of metastable liquid phase separation during rapid solidification. In addition,the cooling rate for Cu83Fe17 alloy was calculated by one-dimensional heat conduction equation,and cooling rate of 1.5×106 K/s can be obtained at surface-free of the alloy ribbons with 200 μm in thickness.