The xugongning pieced ornament with snake shape was whole cast

in which the absence of welding and cast-in interface was observed

by detecting the castings

analyzing structure and tracing processing mark. Xugongning pieced ornament with snake shape was successfully replicated by simulating traditional investment casting

in which wax was made of rosin

beeswax

rapeseed oil

and shell mold was made of fine clay

plant ash

fine sand

fine pan ash

showing investment casting process existed in the Chinese bronze age.