摘要:The crystallographic parameters, thermodynamic and mechanical properties of Al-rich binary intermetallic compound formed by adding Ce to Al alloy at ground-state and finite-temperature conditions were systematically investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The formation enthalpies of Al4Ce, Al11Ce3, and Al2Ce are all negative, which are determined as -27.698, -37.586, and -43.981 kJ/(mol·atom), respectively. The quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) method was employed to obtain the thermodynamic and thermophysical datas, including the Gibbs free energy, heat capacity, volume, and bulk modulus. Additionally, lattice constants and lattice mismatch degree for Al and binary compounds were derived from volume-temperature relationships calculated under finite temperatures, and the probability of Al4Ce, Al11Ce3, and Al2Ce facilitating heterogeneous nucleation was explored. The results reveal that the Al matrix exhibits optimal lattice match with tetragonal Al4Ce at 900 K, with a mismatch of -3.52%, strongly favoring heterogeneous nucleation. Moreover, Al matrix also shows satisfied compatibility with orthorhombic Al11Ce3, where the lattice parameters a and c show a mismatch degree of -7.70% and -5.50% with Al, respectively. Conversely, cubic Al2Ce exhibits poor lattice compatibility with Al matrix, which is adverse to heterogeneous nucleation.
摘要:Mo-xRe alloys with 32 kinds of components (x= 1%~50%, mass fraction) were prepared by high-throughput arc melting. Effects of Re contents on microstructure and hardness of alloys were investigated systematically. X-ray diffraction results indicate that the fabricated alloy exhibits BCC solid solution. With x≤10%, the hardness of the alloy is maintained around 164 HV with average grain size around 230 μm. With x>10%, the hardness can be increased to 300 HV with the increase of Re content, while the grain size is decreased to 40 μm. The hardness of the alloy can be expressed as H= 39.2+ 5.117x+ 8.803/(x>10%) considering synergy of solid-solution strengthening and fine-grain strengthening mechanism. The fine-grain strengthening mechanism plays an important role in the low-rhenium alloy, while solid-solution strengthening becomes dominant in high-rhenium alloy.
摘要:To develop a data-driven composition design methodology for high-strength aluminum alloys and elucidate the nonlinear composition-property relationships in 6061 aluminum alloy, 154 groups of sample datasets were obtained from high-throughput experiments, and machine learning (ML) models for predicting alloy hardness was established through feature engineering for hierarchical filtering as well as optimization of algorithms and hyperparameters to achive preliminary screening of mechanical properties. Feature importance analysis and composition-hardness mapping were employed to investigate influence law of alloy composition on hardness. Initial elementary property features were induced based on original alloy compositions to construct three types of feature spaces including composition features, property features, and composition-property features. The results reveal that ML models based on coupled composition-property features achieves the highest prediction accuracy, where the RMSE of optimal random forest (RF) model is 4~8.5 HV. Feature importance analysis indicates that dispersion coefficient and atomic radius difference are the greatest influential factors on hardness, while Fe content shows minimal impact. Si and Cu exhibit the strongest effects on hardness with contrasting correlations. ML predictions reveal complex synergistic interactions between alloy elements: The hardness enhancement from increasing Si content (0.4%~0.7%) could compensate for hardness reduction caused by Cu content elevation (0.15%~0.4%). The improvement effect of Zn on hardness depends on Cr content, and Zn-Cr coupling leads to significant hardness reduction with Cr content exceeding 0.04%.
摘要:Typical specimens with varying mechanical and electrical properties were selected from high-throughput experimental specimens covering various compositions and processes, and corresponding diverse microstructures were systematically analyzed. Firstly, copper alloy specimens with different compositions, heat treatments, and deformation processes were prepared through a full-process high-throughput method involving arc melting, homogenization, hot rolling, solution treatment, cold rolling and aging, and high-throughput hardness and conductivity measurements were conducted. Subsequently, the composition, morphology, size, and distribution of precipitates were analyzed by XRD, OM, SEM, and TEM. The results indicate that the optimized copper alloys exhibit a hardness > 170 HV and conductivity >46.40 MS/m, with α-Cr2Zr, Cu5Zr nanoprecipitates and CuZr2 micro-precipitates in microstructures. The optimal copper alloy composition contains a suitable number of precipitate-forming elements. The optimal preparation process involves significant room temperature deformation to generate numerous intragranular defects, providing extensive nucleation sites for alloying element segregation and precipitate formation, followed by short-time aging at a moderate temperature to precipitate finely and uniformly dispersed secondary phases. Moreover, rolling deformation leads to the preferential orientation of copper (220) crystal plane, and the oriented grain arrangement is contributed to improving conductivity.
关键词:High-strength and High-conductivity Copper;Cu-Cr-Zr Alloy;Mechanical Property;Electrical Property;High-throughput Experiment
摘要:Machine learning methods was applied to combine experimental data with simulation analysis to systematically optimize the temperature, cooling rate, alloy composition, etc., during investment casting process. By collecting a large amount of casting process data, a prediction model for process parameter based on deep learning was constructed to optimize the design of process parameters, and the model was validated through on-site experiments. The results indicate that the microstructure and mechanical properties of castings are significantly improved after optimizing casting process by machine learning methods, and the defect rates are reduced, enhancing productivity and economic benefits. In the context of machine learning, the casting quality score of the optimal parameter array is significantly higher than that of suboptimal parameter array in the comparison of parameter groups, and only one group of the optimal parameter array gets below 90 points, while the suboptimal parameter groups all get below 90 points.
关键词:Machine Learning;High Temperature Alloy;Investment Casting;Process Parameter Optimization
摘要:The impact of feature learning optimization via dimensionality reduction and augmentation on machine learning model prediction of key properties of Nb₅Si₃ alloys, including substitution energy and bond length variation was systematically investigated based on first-principles calculated data and a “center-environment” feature representation. The effectiveness of integrated feature selection for dimensionality reduction, embedding-based dimensionality augmentation, and a pretraining-fine-tuning transfer learning framework was analyzed comparatively. The results indicate that discrete embedding models combined with pretraining-fine-tuning transfer achieve desirable performance for predicting substitution energies, while random forest models with selected features perform better in predicting local bond length variations. It is revealed that different machine learning algorithm models and matched feature optimization strategies need to be adopted for predictions targeting different types of objects, that is, the effectiveness of feature dimensionality reduction and augmentation depends on machine learning algorithm and the nature of predicted target, which provides important references for development of material design assisted by machine learning.
摘要:Focusing on low volume fraction (≤ 20%) HEA particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites, effects of volume fraction of reinforcement phase, particle size, and particle morphology (irregular and spherical) on mechanical properties and deformation behavior of composites were investigated based on finite element analysis (FEA) model of representative volume element (RVE) through experimental fitting of the constitutive equation. The results indicate that the elastic modulus and yield strength of HEAp/Al aluminum matrix composites are proportional to the volume fraction of reinforcement phase. With the constant volume fraction, the particle size of HEA has a negligible effect on mechanical properties of composites. Compared to those with spherical HEA particles, composites with irregular HEA particles possess higher elastic modulus. The results demonstrate that irregular HEA particles lead to stress concentration. The simulation and experimental results reveal that HEAp/Al aluminum matrix composites with 5% and 10% HEAp show the common trend with a data deviation of less than 10%, indicating desirable consistency in the pseudo-experimental analysis. Therefore, the established RVE/FEA model can effectively simulate mechanical properties and deformation behavior of micron-sized high-entropy alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites with low volume fraction.
关键词:Aluminum Matrix Composites;High-entropy Alloy Particles;Finite Element Analysis;Parametric Modeling
摘要:Aluminum alloys are widely used in advanced manufacturing due to the characteristics of light weight, high strength, excellent corrosion resistance and fatigue resistance. Laser selective melting technology is able to accurately form complex parts, which becomes an important manufacturing means in fields of aerospace and automotive industries. The principle and key elements of laser selective melting technology were reviewed, and the microstructure characteristics, properties, defects, preventive measures and post-treatment methods of SLMed Al-Si alloy were summarized. The practical application of the technology was also expounded, and foresight thinking about future development direction was proposed.
摘要:Zn alloys have become a new category of biodegradable metallic materials owing to the desirable mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and in vivo safe degradation, which are used in the preparation of implantable devices, such as vascular stents, interfacial screws, adjustable-loop cortical suspension fixation button, and staples for gastrointestinal anastomosis. As the first step in preparation from raw materials to implantable devices for biodegradable Zn alloys, liquid forming plays a key role in controlling properties of materials and devices. Advances in liquid forming technologies of biodegradable Zn alloys were summarized, including gravity casting, die casting, infiltration casting, strip continuous casting, directional solidification, high-pressure solidification, and powder bed fusion 3D printing. Factors affecting liquid forming quality were analyzed, and future research directions for medical biodegradable Zn alloy were prospected.
摘要:3DPTEK-J160R technology was employed to prepare green parts of SS316L, and sintering experiment was carried out at 1 380 ℃, 1 400 ℃, and 1 420 ℃ with different durations in GSL-1 700X-80 tubular sintering furnace. Effects of sintering temperature and duration on the linear shrinkage and densification behaviors were investigated, and regression analysis was conducted to obtain the kinetic equation. The densification model was established to expound the geometric trajectories of sintering process. The results indicate that linear shrinkage and density tend to increase as sintering temperature and duration rise. The linear shrinkage degree in Z direction is larger than that in X and Y direction due to interlayer porosity and gravity effect. Apparent activation energy Q is 933.313 01 kJ/mol, and the sintering densification model exhibits a validity of 0.948 31 and an average error of 1.496 30%. The geometry trajectory of sintering process can be explained by hypothesis of three stages + three processes.
摘要:WC particles were coated on the surface of micron-sized copper powder, and WC-reinforced copper matrix composites were fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. The influence of laser linear energy density on microstructure and mechanical properties of composites was systematically investigated. The results indicate that a moderate linear energy density enhances Marangoni convection and strengthen the collision of WC particles, promoting the uniform dispersion of WC particles in the Cu matrix, thereby improving mechanical performance of composites. The 3WC/Cu composites fabricated by L-PBF achieves a high relative density (>98%), a yield strength of 200 MPa, and electrical conductivity reaches up to 51.9 MS/m. Furthermore, the composites exhibit excellent thermal stability, which maintains a yield strength of about 130 MPa and an electrical conductivity exceeding 52.2 MS/m after annealing at 900 ℃ for 1 h, which is significantly superior to those of other Cu matrix composites.
关键词:Laser Powder Bed Fusion;Cu Matrix Composites;Microstructure;WC;Mechanical Property
摘要:The effects of Sc addition on the phase transformation law and mechanical properties of Al-Cu-Mg alloys were investigated by thermodynamic calculations and microstructure characterization. The results indicate that the solidification path of Sc-containing alloys is as follows: L→L+α-Al→L+α-Al+Al3Sc→L+α-Al+W→α-Al+θ+ W, and the precipitation sequence is Al3Sc, W, and θ phase. In order to further control generation of W phase and ensure sufficient production of Al3Sc or Al3(Sc,Zr) in the alloy, Sc addition should not exceed 0.3%. Meanwhile, the eutectic transition (W → θ + Al3Sc) during solidification was initially verified by experimental means. After the two-stage homogenization heat treatment process, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of Al-Cu-Mg-(Sc) alloys are increased by 7.8%, 11.2% and 40.6%, respectively.
摘要:COMSOL multiphysics software was utilized to simulate the coupling between electromagnetic field or electromagnetic heat and flow field in Cu-20Fe alloy melt under the action of electric pulse, and effects of pulse current, pulse frequency and pulse width on the characteristics of electromagnetic force and flow field distribution inside Cu-20Fe alloy melt were investigated. The results indicate that the peak values of current density, magnetic flux density and Lorentz force of the melt near the electrode are increased firstly and then decreased with pulse width rising from 2.3 ms to 17 ms in a pulse cycle, and the peak electromagnetic force reaches the maximum with the pulse width of 13 ms. With the current demsity of 1 400 A and frequency of 15 Hz, the flow intensity inside the melt induced by Lorentz force is also increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of pulse width,and the flow velocity inside the Cu-20Fe alloy melt reaches a maximum value of 2.03 mm/s at a pulse width of 13 ms and time of tp/4. In addition, the adjustment of pulse width produces a greater effect on the vertical component of Cu-20Fe alloy melt flow than the horizontal component. The current density,magnetic flux density,Lorentz force and flow intensity of the melt in the vicinity of the electrode are increased with increasing current amplitude. The circulating flow inside the Cu-20Fe alloy melt induced by Lorentz force not only promotes the uniform distribution of temperature inside the melt, but also enhances the cooling rate of alloy melt.
摘要:Directional solidification technology was employed to deeply investigate microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-43.5Zn-1.5Si-0.1Sr alloy at different drawing speeds. The microstructure and phase compositions of alloy were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and tensile strength and yield strength were evaluated through tensile testing. The results indicate that the primary dendrite spacing is decreased significantly with increasing drawing speed, accompanied with a corresponding rise in tensile strength and yield strength. The regulation of solidification parameters on microstructure and performance of Al-43.5Zn-1.5Si-0.1Sr alloy was revealed, providing new perspectives in optimization of alloy properties.
摘要:Al-Si-Fe-Mg alloy tensile specimens were prepared by semi-solid diecasting technology, and the effects of solution time on microstructure and mechanical properties of semi-solid diecasting Al-Si-Fe-Mg alloy tensile specimens were investigated. The results reveal that with the solution time increasing from 0 h to 4 h, the average grain diameter of primary α1-Al grains and secondary α2-Al grains are increased, while average factor shape is decreased. Furthermore, the eutectic Si phases are firstly evolved from short-rod to granular morphology and then coarsened. Besides, the solid solution concentration is firstly increased and then remains stable, and the mechanical properties of tensile specimens are firstly increased and then decreased. With solution time of 1 h, the tensile specimens present desirable combination of strength and ductility, where the tensile strength, yield strength and elongation are 320.1 MPa, 224.2 MPa and 13.3%, respectively.
摘要:CrNiTiMoNx high-entropy alloy films were prepared on 304 stainless steel and Si flakes by DC magnetron sputtering reaction technique. Effects of different volume flux ratios of N2 and Ar on microstructure and properties of films were investigated. The results reveal that CrNiTiMo films exhibit a mixed structure of body-centered cubic and amorphous phases before introducing nitrogen, which is transformed to face-centered cubic phase after introducing nitrogen. The surfaces of all films are relatively smooth, presenting desirable homogeneity and compactness. Moreover, the cross-sections of films display a columnar structure without noticeable pores. The corrosion resistance of all films is superior to that of 304 stainless steels in 3.5% NaCl solution. With increasing in volume flux ratios of N2 and Ar, the corrosion current density of films is firstly increased and then decreased and finally increased, in which the CrNiTiMo high-entropy alloy film exhibits the lowest corrosion current density and optimal corrosion resistance. The hardness of deposited film reaches the highest value (14.6 GPa) with the volume flux ratio of 1∶1, and the corrosion current density (1.55×10-7 A/cm2) is slightly lower than that of CrNiTiMo high-entropy alloy film, indicating well corrosion resistance and high hardness of deposited film, which is able to satisfy the usage in extreme environments.
摘要:The influence of remelting treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of piston aluminum alloy (Al-12Si-4Cu) was investigated by XRD, SEM, EDS, EBSD, Vickers hardness tester, and tensile testing machine. The results indicate that the size of grains, primary Si, eutectic Si and the second phases in the alloy with stable phase composition can be significantly refined by remelting treatment.The depth of remelted zone is about 3.5 mm, and significant differences in the refinement effect are observed at different remelted depths. The hardness value of alloy reaches the maximum at 2 mm, while the size of primary Si reach mininum value of 2 μm. The remelting treatment is benificial to improve tensile strength and elongation, which is attributed to the fact that remelting treatment refines the microstructure and increases the solute supersaturation in the matrix, leading to the effect enhancement of fine-grain strengthening, solid-solution strengthening and second-phase strengthening.
摘要:The microstructure, fracture mechanism, deformation mode of Mg-Zn-Gd alloy as well as the correlation with mechanical properties were investigated, and effects of Y and Nd addition on microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed. The results reveal that microstructure of alloy is composed of primary phase (α-Mg) and W phase. With the increase of Y and the decrease of Nd content, the grain size of alloy is increased from 17.18 μm to 29.24 μm. Meanwhile, LPSO phases of 14H and 18R are generated in the alloy, and W phase is transformed into Zn-Zr-rich phase after solid solution heat treatment. Mechanical properties of alloys are mainly affected by LPSO phase after Y and Nd addition, while the effect of grain size can be negligible. On this basis, the higher Y content and lower Nd content is contributed to tensile strength, yield strength and elongation of alloys, which are further improved by solid solution treatment. The deformation mode of alloys containing LPSO phases indicate that the presence of more LPSO phases leads to the emergence of {112} tensile twins in the alloys during the tensile process, resulting in an increase in mechanical properties. The deformation modes of alloys at each stage were identified as follws: more LPSO phases and twins activate pyramidal sliping and inhibit prismatic slip.
摘要:The origination of continuous fracture failure of two sets of molds was analyzed in aspect of structure, mold failure types, mold design scheme and machining process of Zn alloy thin-wall castings. Physical and chemical inspection equipment as well as simulation software were employed to simulate and verify the melt filling process and defects such as air entrainment and slag, and effective casting data was obtained to solve the problems of poor stability and short life. In comparison with the failed molds, the utilization rate and casting efficiency of die-casting machine in the modified mold are increased by 100%, and mold service life is increased by 2.7 times, eliminating the secondary rework process for flashes and residues.
摘要:Ultra-large integrated die-casting front cabin is characterized by large scale, complex and deep cavity structure, multiple processing features and placement angles. There exsits an increase in the number of clamping steps, longer processing cycle, larger amounts of production equipment, and great production line footprint in the traditional processing method for automotive parts. On this basis, the structure and development difficulties were analyzed with front cabin as object, and a machining process plan was formulated, including machining processes, machining equipment selection, and design of machining fixtures and cutting tools.Through comparative experiments, the superiority of double-beam double-spindle five-axis gantry machining center equipment scheme in processing time, qualification rate of machining size, and appearance quality was verified.
关键词:Single-pass Process;Machining Process;Integrated Die Casting;Front Cabin
摘要:In order to improve the yield and solve the recrystallization problem of single crystal blade shells, experiments of shell layer reduction, adding polymer to shell backup layers, fused quartz refractory subject to backup layers were carried out. The room temperature strength, high temperature strength, thermal expansion performance and self-weight deformation of ceramic shell specimens were investigated and verified. The results indicate that the recrystallization can be effectively inhibited by single crystal blade after adding 10% polymer in the backup slurry with fused quartz as refractories in the fourth layer, and the dimension of casting profile is qualified.